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Whenever I read an article about AIDS in Africa, I think about a friend that I met at the airport in Brasil. Kahuma was from Africa, and he was infected with HIV/AIDS virus. He told me in his letters that the virus developed so fast in his body because he was unable to see a doctor right away due to financial insufficiency. When he finally found out that he had AIDS, he had already lost 0 pounds and all of his hair. He was also unable to walk. At that point, he mentioned that he could not afford to pay for the medication that would prolong his life, and like others in the same financial situation, he died without the assistance necessary to treat the virus. Current evidence has shown that poverty has been identified as one of the major reasons for the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa.
A recent report by Desmond Cohen, the former director of the United Nations Development Programmers (HIV and Development Program) informs that of the 6 million persons, infected worldwide with HIV in 000, almost 70 percent, or 5. million are in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is estimated that of the 1.8 million persons who have died from HIV related illnesses since the start of the worldwide epidemic, 17 million were Africans (). In the case of Sub-Saharan Africa, the world Bank estimates that in 18, some 1 million people lived on less than US$1 a day, and that between 187 and 188, the percentage of the total Sub-Saharan African population living at this level, remained constant, which suggestes that poverty is a significant casual factor for infection poor people are more likely to become infected with HIV and the disease, in turn, intensifies their poverty (1). Cohen says that the characteristics of the poor are well known, as are some of the casual factors that contribute to a culture of poverty; children of the poor often become the poor of succeeding generations. Poverty is associated with weak endowment of human and financial resources, such as low levels of education, low litercay rates, few marketable skills, poor health status and consequently, low labor productivity. Poor households typically have few, if any, financial or other assests and are often politically and socially marginalized (). I think that Cohen as a researcher is well informed about the problems poverty produces. Many poor families in Africa, live in very bad conditions. Some of them dont have beds to sleep in, or sometimes they have to cut grass to make money for their needs. Most of the time, the children have no food or clothes; simple things like cups or pans are made of old food cans or coconut shells. Poor families have no access to TVs, telephones, microwaves, dishwashers, or other products used to make a home a better place. With the epidemic, many children, after their parents die, are left with their grandparents in homes without electricity or running water. Even though poverty did not generate the HIV virus, it facilitated the development of the disease.
One researcher that has several recent articles on HIV/AIDS and social context of Africa and Latin America is Eileen Stillwaggon. She has worked in Tanzania and Zimbabwe and is the author of Stunted Lives, Stagnant EconomiesPoverty, Disease and Underdevelopment. With all her expierences, she relates that poverty not only creates the biological conditions for greater susceptibility to infectious diseases, it also limits the options for treating disease. Infection with other STDs is an important co-factor for transmission of HIV. Genital ulcer diseases in particular, such as chancroid, provide an entry point for HIV. Such painful bacterial STDs are relatively uncommon in rich countries because of the availability of antibiotics (1). Stillwaggon, in her studies, concludes that reducing HIV transmission requires health education availability of condoms and also a broads assult on malnutrition, diarrheal diseases and parasitic diseases, including malaria and schistosomaiasis. To treat those already infected will require upgrading the health services infrastructure and expanding health education. The steps that are necessary for both prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS are the same as for addressing the other health and development needs for poor countries. ()
Stillwaggon believes that prevention does not replace treatment, but it does reduce the number of people whose lives will depend on expensive drugs with significant side effects. She says that the key to a good prevention program is understanding dynamics of disease transmission (1). I agree with Stillwaggon when she says that poverty contributes to a lot of infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS. When members of a family get infected with the HIV virus, their lives change completly. If they are temporarily able to pay for their own medication and doctors visitation, sooner or later, everything will be taken away from them. At the beginning, they may lose their jobs, then they will lose all the money or any property they may have to the disease treatment. In countries like Sub-Saharan Africa, there is not much hope for those who cant pay for their own treatment. Once you get too sick, it is very bad to get your health back, because doing so would require a lot of doctors attention, a good diet rich in protein and carbohydrates, and all the medication necessary to fight the opportunistic infections. Without help, it is very hard to emerge from that situation. all the family members of the person infected with HIV will pay a high price. They will have to sacrafice anything important to them, so that they will be able to help the sick person. After that person dies, leaving the wife and children on their own, without hope, hungry and alone. Many times their mother turns to prostitution and the children become street children.
According to the reserachers information on poverty in Africa, it is making people more and more aware of the real problem and they are thinking about new ideas on how to help fight this disease that is draining South Africas economy. Programs such as manager care have been introduced in South Africa not only as a solution, but it does help to reduce health care expenditures. Because the people are aware of poverty becoming critical problem, the number of infected people should decrease. Today, the public is informed that the HIV/AIDS virus is more extensive in poor countries such as South Africa, due to the fact that the poor families infected with HIV/AIDS have no access to the drugs for treatment. Their hygiene conditions are very poor, and food is a constant problem, resulting in malnutrition.
I know that researchers have been spending a lot of time trying to discover new medications, vaccines and the cure for HIV/AIDS. I hope that this epedimic will bring the nations together in thoughts and desires to make this world a better place to live.
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