Service Apartment Industry

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Overview

You work for a property development company, which plans to invest in the service apartment industry. You have conducted a survey to determine the patterns of demand for service apartments and the needs of users of such accommodation. You are required to submit a report.

Use items A, B, C, D & E to assist you to write the report. Read the information carefully and select only relevant information to write certain sections of your report.

All three questions are interrelated.

Questions

1. Write the Introduction section consisting of the Background, Objectives and Scope.

Word limit 00 words

. Write the Results section of your report based on the information given.

Word limit 00 words

. Write the Abstract of your report.

Word limit 150 words

Item A Excerpts of a dialogue between yourself and your supervisor

Supervisor As I mentioned over the phone yesterday, our company is looking into investing in the service apartment industry. Our division has been asked to submit a report.

You What would the report be about?

Supervisor The Board of Directors wants to have a clearer picture of the patterns of demand so that we can plan and allocate our resources. We also need to look into the type of facilities that tenants, both businessmen and holiday makers, prefer. This, of course, will determine what we provide at our apartments.

You (Taking down notes.) Anything else?

Supervisor That's about it.

You How much time do I have to complete this report?

Supervisor The next Board of Directors' meeting will be in late August so the report has to be submitted latest by mid-August. Let's say 15 August.

You That doesn't leave me with much time … today is already 10 June.

Supervisor I think two months should be sufficient.

You I'm not sure where to begin. How do I get data for the report?

Supervisor To start with, you can design a questionnaire and distribute it to managers of various service apartments around the island. Don't forget a questionnaire for the tenants as well. You will also need their views.

You OK … questionnaires for managers and tenants. So how many should we send out for each group?

Supervisor Maybe 150 for tenants and 50 for managers.

You O.K. Perhaps I should interview tenants as well in order to get some personal insights or opinions. What do you think?

Supervisor Why not? It will enhance your report. I've got another meeting now. Think about what we have discussed. If you need additional information, call me this afternoon.

You O.K.

(End of dialogue)

Item B Extracts from local newspapers

"More and more multinational companies are setting up bases in Singapore as it was ranked one of the best places for doing business by U.S-based Fortune magazine.

At present, about 80,000 expatriate families live in Singapore. There are only about ,000 units of service apartments on the market. Despite this year's economic downturn, unlike other segments of the property market, demand for service apartments is still high."

--- The Straits Times, 1 July 001

"To attract and retain customers, the service apartments' operators must anticipate their customers' needs and deliver more value. In times of an economic downturn like this year, service apartment operators must try to cut costs and overheads."

--- The New Paper, 1 June 001

"Last October, I stayed in a studio service apartment in Nassim Road and I paid $,500 per month. But this time around I have to pay $500 more. Service apartments are supposed to cost less than hotels." Mr Steven Cross, a U.S. businessman, told the reporter.

--- Today, 0 July 001

Item C Excerpts of an interview with a business tenant on 1 July 001

Interviewer By the way, how long have you been staying here?

Mr Smith About months. Most of us here on business stay for an average of

6 months to a year. You mentioned a survey. What is it about again?

Interviewer My company is looking into the service apartment industry and I am collecting data to write a report.

Mr Smith Oh, I see. Why don't you send out questionnaires instead of conducting interviews?

Interviewer Actually, we are doing that.

Mr Smith So how has the response been?

Interviewer Better than expected. The response rate is 5%. Now, how did you hear about this place?

Mr Smith A friend of mine stayed here for 8 months sometime last year and he recommended it very highly.

Note Item C continues on page 4.

Interviewer What exactly did your friend say about this place?

Mr Smith He mentioned the great location, the reasonable costs and the facilities.

Interviewer Can you tell me more about what you mean by "facilities"? We'll be addressing costs and location in a separate survey.

Mr Smith Well … after a hard day's work, a pool of a reasonable size would be something that I look for. A well-equipped gym would also be a plus. Another important feature is a business centre with basic facilities such as fax machines and photocopiers.

Interviewer Why did you choose to stay in a service apartment, rather than say,

a hotel?

Mr Smith In a way, a service apartment is very much like a hotel, with a hotel's facilities and convenience. But I like service apartments because they combine the comfort of a hotel with the freedom of a private flat.

Interviewer Have you ever had any difficulty in renting a service apartment?

Mr Smith Well, not really, except during holiday seasons such as Christmas.

To avoid this problem, I book at least three months in advance.

Interviewer Mr Smith, I've already taken more than enough of your time. Thank you

so much.

Mr Smith Don't mention it. Hope you have all the information you need.

Interviewer Thank you.

(End of interview)

Item D Sample of the questionnaire sent to tenants on 16 June 001

Survey on Customer Needs in Service Apartments

1. Name of service apartment ____________________

. Address_____________________

. Length of stay (a) 1 to weeks

(b) to 4 weeks

(c) 1 to months

(d) to 6 months

(e) 6 to 1 months

(f) more than a year

4. Purpose of stay (a) Business

(b) Holiday

(c) Others (please specify) ____________

5. Please rank the services needed

not important quite important very important

1

(a) Maid service 1

(b) Laundry service 1

(c) 4 hr reception/concierge 1

(d) Secretarial service 1

(e) Games room 1

(f) IDD service 1

(g) Security guards 1

(h) Wake-up calls 1

(i) Airport transfers 1

(j) Childcare services 1

(k) Others (please specify)________________________________________

6. How often do you use the following facilities per week?

Daily times Twice Once None

(a) Carpark ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

(b) Business centre ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

(c) Kitchen ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

(d) Swimming pool ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

(e) Playground ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

(f) Tennis court ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

(g) Gymnasium ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

(h) Laundromat ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

(i) Others (please specify) ____________________________________________

7. Suggestions for improvement__________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Thank you for your time.

Please return the completed form in the self-addressed envelope provided by 6 June 001.

Item E Data collected

Figure 1 Average occupancy rate of service apartments

in Singapore, 16-000

Figure Frequency of facility use by business tenants

and holiday makers, June July 001

Note Item E continues on page 7.

Figure Patterns of demand for service apartments

by business tenants and holiday makers in 000

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Business Strategy - Dell Computer

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The vision "Dell is a smarter way to buy a computer", provides the innovative notation to the curious buyers. Introducing the new concept of confirming a PC purchase via phone or Internet has triggered the consumers' interest in finding more about the capabilities of the company. Dell has eliminated the traditional way of purchasing a computer via a reseller, it allows its consumers to directly purchase them via their website or call in to their customer service centre. With this strategy, customers are able to purchase computers at the lowest price due to the elimination of the middleman.

Apart from the manufacturing of personal computers, Dell has also gone into partnership with various reputable companies to produce monitors, printers and other peripherals. Dell has increased its emphasis in the production of servers and storage devices as the demand for servers are increasing by corporate customers.

Dell Business Strategy

Dell's proactive approach has helped the company to lay future traits which it would be going. Dell's strategies were determined with the focus on their core components identified by Michael namely as build-to-order manufacture, partnership with suppliers, Just-In-Time (JIT) Components Inventory, direct sales to customers with their award-winning customer and technical support team and the use of the Internet and E-commerce technology.

There are various factors which Dell needs to evaluate to determine what need to be improved with. The recent price strategy Dell announced on the price cutting of all computers up to %, with confidence that its competitors are unable to slash prices to compete, especially a day after Hewlett Packard announcement on its business loss.

Dell partnership with suppliers has been closely collaborated to meet its customer's requirement. They picked the name brand for its computer components to entrance its PCs' performance and quality. It committed to purchase a specified percentage of its requirement from the chosen suppliers and thus assured Dell a timely basis of supplies. It also invited its suppliers' engineers to join in its early stage of planning and design. This will transfer the knowledge of these engineers to Dell's own workforce and helps in troubleshooting the customers' problems in the early stage of promoting new products. With its commitment, Dell able to roll out Just-In-Time (JIT) delivery plan on its requirement of suppliers products with shared information and sales statistics. The best strategic alliance is not always apparent. That is why time is needed to explore the operational fits, as well as the relative present and future competitive position (Robert, 1)

At Dell, they outsource all the core R&D and component production facilities. Dell concentrates on its own resources on developing a deep understanding of the customer and their requirements, maintaining intimate trading relationship with its customers and partners. Suppliers provide the largest part of the investment and expertise needed to support the broad array of customer requirements. To create a seamless product and service mix for their wide array of customers, Dell has needed to integrate its processes with those of its suppliers.

Because Dell has sell direct, it gains significant cost advantages over its competitors who sells through resellers and stores. This arrangement would provide direct communications with its customers trough self-helps in Internet, telephone representative assistance and for larger clients, Dell has provided with more sophisticated and personalized sales personnel. With their web-based initiative, customers could check the status of their order online, saving $8 million from Dell's administrative costs annually. Moreover, when customers are able to check the status of their orders or packages, they are less likely to get irate leading to increases in overall customer satisfaction.

Competition Ground

Dell's promise to deliver PC in a time frame of ½ days, has always been the attracting factor. Minimising the waiting time of the customer has built up the trust and loyalty towards the company. Many corporate customers which used to purchase PCs from Compaq and IBM, have redirected their focus on Dell due to their short lead time. However, HP have came out with delivery commitment of within 1-4 hours from time of orders. HP, the leader in printing solutions, have merged with Compaq in September 001. With the new formation, the Company would have a combination of enhanced IT products ranging from PCs, servers to digital photography and digital media entertainment solutions. In other areas, HP has been slow to develop its own Web services softwares, which lose out to Dell.

IBM, the leader in mainframe, offers high quality technical support but at a high cost. IBM is offering its on-demand computing strategy to create an IT infrastructure that is simplified and flexible to counter Dell's e-commerce strategy and HP's Adaptive Enterprise Initiative. IBM name-brand has been known for mainframes and proves as hindrance to their penetration on desktop PCs. However, its huge technical team is desirable by many customers to resolve any complexity in network solutions over Dell's. This has created mudroads for the latter in attempts to conquer the markets in workstation and servers.

In 00, Gateway's CEO, Mr. Ted Waitt, have announced that they will stock up 10 PCs per store in its 58 stores by end of March 00 in addition to build-to-orders PCs. The move is encouraging, as there is market demand for off-the-shelves PCs and statistical figures showed significant improvement in such sales. Dell has counter attack with ready-made PCs with popular configuration including pre-installed software. They have further enhanced their presence in the IT industry by teaming up with IBM, in August 00, to tap on their professional technical support while IBM taps on their market knowledge in custom-made PCs manufacture.

Future Challenges of Dell

As the company grows, Dell continuously learns to manage millions of internet exchanges daily, from product orders to e-mail correspondence to information detailing the manufacturing of Dell products and the delivery of complex services. Dell's distribution facilities demand nonstop availability, instant access to data to ensure on-time customers deliveries and bulletproof disaster recovery capabilities. While you can't bottle lightning, you can build lightning rods (Gary, 000).

In the nd quarter of this fiscal year, Dell has managed to achieve nearly 18 percent of the global market share and 7 percent of US market. With such improvement, you could see the contribution arrive its team members. Michael Dell has encouraging recruitment of only capable personnel with the same vision takers. He provide room for self-thinking and empower his employees to create room for innovation ideas and opportunity for further business growth. Dell would need to expand it resources development and captures on those lagging market. The lack of technical support personnel must be reinforced to meet the global market requirement while paving out more sophisticated business products and solutions. A company must learn from both successful and unsuccessful experiences and develop a core competency which then give it a competitive edge (Robert, 1).

Conclusion

Michael Dell has adopted several attractive business philosophies for his computer business that spread over his management strategies. His believe that recruitment must be done having future challenges in mind, meaning hiring ahead of business curve. He even segmenting the roles and responsibilities of CEO between himself, Mort Topfer and Kevin Rollins to promote a wider spanning in management responsibilities. Michael has engendering a sense of personal investment in each employee through responsibilities, accountability and shared success and discounted on rigid business levels that hinder on communication and innovative ideas. It is not enough to have an ideology; you have to be able to pass it on, to infect others with your ideas in order to succeed (Gary, 000).

His management believes that by focusing employees with a single goal and targeting customers as one will help to add value "within and beyond the box" and also developing products from customers' viewpoint. The strong alliances with the suppliers provide higher efficiency that aligns to its success. The mission of efficiency, innovation and lower prices backed the strategy to capture better market share but using current ‘live' information and calculation.

Thompson, A.A. & Stricken, A.J. (001), Strategic Management Concepts and Cases, 1th edn., Mcgraw-Hill/Irvin, Boston

Gary Hamel (000), Leading the Revolution, Harvard Business Press, USA

Robert J.Mockler (1), Multinational Strategic Alliances, John Wiley & Sons Inc., USA

http//www.dell.com

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The true Nature of Humans

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In her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee has an optimistic perspective of human nature, whereas William Golding's novel, The Lord of the Flies, demonstrates a pessimistic view on human nature. Lord of the Flies is about a plane full of British boys that crashes on an island. The children's attempt at forming a society fails, and eventually they become savages. William Golding believes that the boys turned evil in the absence of society because there was evil residing inside of them. To Kill a Mockingbird is about a young tomboy, named Scout, growing up in Maycomb County, Alabama, in the 10's. Her town is extremely racist and lives under a strict Southern code of conduct. All the citizens act poorly and are racist and partial because they have been surrounded by this horrendous society all their lives. Harper Lee believes people are born pure and good and are corrupted by society. Rough

William Golding argues his position on human nature through characters and events in his novel, Lord of the Flies. He believes that society holds everyone together, and without these conditions, our ideals, values, and the basics of right and wrong are lost. Without societys rules, anarchy and savagery comes to light. He also proves that rules don't work without a form of punishment for lawbreakers. First, when the boys arrive on the island they are still in the routine of living in civilization. They try to create a society like the one they came from. When the boys first come together and realize the island has no adults, they decide they should have a meeting (Golding 0). This shows that the boy's initial instinct is to create order and society. The boys also obey rules from their lives in England from habit. On page 6, Roger follows Henry away from the swimming hole. He throws rocks about 6 yards away from Henry and then hides behind trees. He doesn't ever hit Henry because he is still possessed by society's rules and punishments, but he is already testing the limits. In the beginning of the story, Jack is still conditioned by the previous society he had been a part of. He could not bear to kill a pig that was caught in the brush. As the plot progresses, he becomes less and less attached to society. Near the end, he feels no shame about the deaths of Simon and Piggy, nor his attempt to kill Ralph. On page 8, when Ralph realizes that there aren't any grown-ups, he is initially solemn but then he becomes a little excited because he has the freedom to do whatever he wants. These normal, refined behaviors are remnants from their life in England.

Second, William Golding believes that evil dwells in every individual. On page 14, Simon is alone in the woods overnight and stumbles upon a pig head stuck on the end of a stick. Jack and the rest of the hunters had put a pig head on a stick in the forest. The head or the "Lord of The Flies", speaks to Simon. He tells him that he and the rest of the boys are really evil inside. He says that there is a beast inside of each of them. This beast represents the sin and evil that exists in them. The first time Jack comes across a pig, he does not kill it and makes excuses. He is still under the control of his former society, and civilized people do not stab squealing animals with a knife. Later in the book, after Jack has been almost completely removed from society, he has no problem killing multiple boars. He is truly an evil hunter inside and in the absence of society his true self is shown (Golding 15-180).

Lastly, the longer the boys are in the absence of society the nastier they become. On page 181, some of the boys have rebelled from all forms of government and social order and have turned completely savage. Roger rolls a boulder at Piggy causing him to fall off a forty-foot cliff and die from severe head injury. Throughout the book Piggy and his glasses symbolize civilization, rescue, and intelligence. This event symbolizes the end of stability on the island. Another example is at the end of the book when Ralph is the only boy who is not a member of Jack's evil group. It is clear that Jack and some other boys were going to hunt Ralph, kill him, and put his head on a stick (Golding 10-00). In conclusion, William Golding believes that human nature is evil and it must be controlled by an effective society. Harper Lee has an utterly different perspective on the true nature of human beings.

Harper Lee believes that humans are essentially good and are tarnished by poor societies. First, in her novel, the entire town of Maycomb County is racist because of the society they live in. For example, Jem finds his father, Atticus, sitting reading a newspaper in front of the jail in the middle of the night. Inside one of the jail cells rests a black man, Tom Robinson. He is on trial for a rape charge but he is clearly not guilty. A group of townspeople have gathered together and are planning on killing Tom. The townspeople don't want Mr. Robinson to have a fair trial because of his race (Lee 151). On page 00, Scout's friend Dill has a stomachache. Dolphus Raymond offers him his paper sack with straws sticking out. Mr. Raymond likes to spend time with the black community and the whole town suspects that there is alcohol in this paper sack. Dill takes a sip of it and is surprised that it is simply Coca-Cola. The townspeople think that the only reason he spends time with blacks is that he is drunk all the time. It turns out that Mr. Raymond decides to give people a reason in their minds for him to be with blacks. He understands the towns mentality, and creates some of the stir around himself as an excuse to spend time with blacks. Another example is the trial of Tom Robinson. Tom Robinson is convicted of the rape of a young woman named Mayella Ewell. During the trail, Atticus proves to the jury and the entire town that his client is innocent, but Tom Robinson is declared guilty because he is black. The jury has clear evidence that Tom Robinson is innocent but can't bring themselves to vote not guilty (Lee 11).

Second, Harper Lee demonstrates that not only are white people prejudiced towards blacks, but also blacks are prejudiced towards whites. Throughout the novel, blacks keep to themselves and have a separate black community. On page 118, Scout's nanny, Calpurnia, takes Scout and Jem to the black church on Sunday. When the white children enter they are shunned based on their race. The blacks act this way because they have been raised in a society in which whites treat blacks poorly, and their obvious reaction is to be a little rude to whites.

Third, Scout is the minority in her community due to the fact that she is not racist. She is this way because she is still young and open-minded. Also, she has grown up with a father who is not racist. For example, a boy at school calls Scout's father, Atticus, a "nigger-lover". Scout becomes furious and starts a fight with this boy (Lee 76). On page 4, Scout says that she has spent most of her summer nights sitting on Miss Maudie Atkinson's front porch. Miss Maudie is a black neighbor of hers, but Scout really doesn't care about the race of her friend. Another example is on page 164, Scout and Jem attend their father's trial. They sit on the balcony of the courtroom. This seating is reserved for the black community but Jem and Scout sit with Reverend Sykes, the Reverend of the black church. In conclusion, through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee shows that humans are born pure and free of sin but are corrupted by faulty societies.

You can clearly see that William Golding and Harper Lee have dissimilar perceptions of human nature. William Golding feels strongly that humans are born evil and are restrained by a sound social order. His view is more pessimistic because he believes that all humans are evil and no modern person wants to consider themselves evil, so the novel makes a modern audience feel gloomy. Harper Lee argues that humans are fundamentally decent and become evil in a corrupt society. This view is much more optimistic. The idea that all humans are born good and pure and it is just bad societies that create depravity gives people hope that a perfect society is possible. Both of these authors argue their perspectives through characters and events in their novels. Jean Rousseau would agree with Harper Lee as he believes that a perfect society is impossible so immorality is inevitable. He thinks people are born good and corrupted by society.

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American involvement in the Vietnam War

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The USA involved itself in the Vietnam War because they wrongly interpreted a nationalist civil war as an extension of the domino theory. The Americans had a strong belief that the war was being fought to spread communism around the world. The US gradually became more involved as the fear of communism spread, but involved themselves entirely in 154 after the Gulf of Tonkin incident, Because of the mentality of the cold war, the fall of China to communism and the Korean War; they believed that it was just another communist movement when in actual truth, the Vietnamese wanted to gain control over their country. The USA could not see that the Vietnamese communists were just as much nationalists, they interpreted it as a world wide communist movement, and this then created a war that would persist for many years.

The US was against signing the Geneva agreement for two reasons, one was that they didn't agree with their proposals, which were to prohibit foreign troops into Vietnam, the independence of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, a temporary division with a cease-fire line 17 degrees north, general elections and that the people of Vietnam could choose which side of the cease-fire line they wanted to live on, and two, neither sides could trust each other to adhere to the agreement. Along with the cease-fire line, they agreed upon a demilitarized zone to be established about 5km on either side of the line to avoid any incidents from occurring.

The Geneva Accords was thought to be a "disaster" according to confidential National Security Council records in Washington, (Allan R. Millet, p1) all because the US did not want to join in the proposals. Although they agreed to not use force to disturb the settlement just because they were not "bound" by the accords.

The US were so strongly against the agreements as they believed that putting in a cease-fire and a demilitarized zone, they could lose to communism as they would not be able to prohibit anything from happening over in North Vietnam. As far as they saw, it was an attempt to spread communism and to expand the domino theory. (Allan R. Millet P14-6)

The issue, seen by the US and other Western participants, was freedom vs. communism not colonialism vs. nationalism (Allan R. Millet p14) at the time of the Geneva Accords in July 154, as the recollections of the Korean War and China's fall to communism were still in their minds.

The US involved themselves in the Vietnam War, when they were originally there to assist mostly because of the Gulf of Tonkin incident, which took place in August 164. It was an attack from North Vietnamese torpedo boats that allegedly attacked two ships of the US navy. As a result American President at the time, Lyndon Johnson could provide enough proof to the US congress to show that the Vietminh were provoking the US. This allowed Johnson to send nearly 500 000 US troops to North Vietnam and take whatever steps necessary to help South Vietnam win the fight against communism.

There was an additional attack on a US military advisers compound at Pleiku on February 7th 165 that forced the United States to bring in a quick air strike against the North. Making it the second bombing attack on the North Vietminh since their sudden involvement with the Gulf of Tonkin. Eight Americans were killed with 10 wounded.

The Americans demand to North Vietnam to stop the bombing was for the abandonment of North Vietnams infiltration into the South, which they called "foreign aggression" and in turn the North Vietnamese demanded for the Americans to surrender their objectives in the South. (Allan R. Millet p6) The Americans took it as a path for a communist takeover, this is why from then on they persevered in stopping what they thought was the attempt at spreading communism world wide.

The Gulf of Tonkin incident of 164 intensified the Vietnam War as it allowed President Lyndon Johnson to bring armed attack into the war, changing the US into being there to assist to being the main rival. This was the US strategist's first opportunity to confront North Vietnam with American air power.

The Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred on the nd and 4th of August 164. The incident was the cause for the US sudden involvement in the War as the attack was said to be "an unprovoked attack". As it allowed Johnson to repel any armed attack against the forces of the US, to prevent further aggression, bombing began as soon as it could after the incident. The attack began just 6 hours after the second attack.

The Gulf of Tonkin was said to provide "ex post facto congressional endorsement of the order and blanket authority for further action." (Allan R. Millet p4) This "unprovoked attack" was later revealed to be an excuse to bomb the North. ""The attack on the destroyers was not as clear-cut an incident as portrayed. (Allan R. Millet p1)

The Gulf of Tonkin incident intensified the war to a great extent, as it was able to permit the US to attack the North, as they had wanted to do for an extensive amount of time and it also formed the beginning for President Lyndon Johnson's rhetoric escalation of the war.

The US and its allies persisted to attempt the prevention of the spread of communism, hoping to put a stop to the domino theory so that no other countries would fall to communism. Their mission to avert the expansion of communism pursued for 16 years.

From 157-175, the communists believed in having a classless society. It appealed greatly to the Vietnamese as for 60 years they had been ruled by traditional rulers and were unable to sufficiently organize their own country to withstand the French. This is why the North Vietnamese never gave up the struggle to keep communism.

Many diverse ways of communism prevention were used. As all the presidents from 154 through to 17 were influenced by the domino theory, this, to the US, became the main cause of the war and their involvement. They feared it so powerfully that they convinced the majority of the US population that if communism were defeated, everything would be better in the world. The NATO troops were told by President Eisenhower that if Europe fell to communism, "many economical dependent areas in Africa and the middle east would be affected by this debacle. South-East Asia would probably soon be lost." (J. Justin Gustainis p) Only later to see that Indochina was in fact the first "domino" to fall. Communism became an "article of faith" among the American presidents in the post-war era.

The US also created SEATO, which was a treaty, established to use force against communist aggression. The USA still wasn't recognizing that it was an attempt at a huge nationalist movement and not a communist movement. The minds of the presidents were all focused on "the domino theory" and nothing else; they believed that this was the one and only aspect to the never-ending disaster.

The domino theory caused the continuation of the war through till 17 as the US had persuaded themselves that this was the reason for the 16 years of fighting in the Vietnam War. "The domino theory, under one name or another became an article of faith among American president's in the post war era." (J. Justin Gustainis p8) Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson all believed strongly in the domino theory, it wasn't until Nixon came into presidency that it started to change and the main focus of the war was "Peace with Honor." The other presidents were not wanting any more domino's to fall as when China fell to communism, it effected the American political scene, leading to accusations of America's political right.

Due to the diem Bien Phu and the division of Vietnam into two nations at the Geneva Conference, it caused president Eisenhower to bring the domino theory into further action, not knowing if the first piece of the domino's had fallen, because of the communist victory in Diem Bien Phu. They were unsure as to whether the rest of Asia would follow or not. Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles said that " The theory was still valid" and that ‘North Vietnam was not the first element in the chain. Rather, the crucial domino was in the South." (J. Justin Gustainis p10) Only if the Saigon government fell to communism would the rest of Asia fall.

Year after year, the domino theory was brought into the war, claiming it to be the foundation of the American Policy in Vietnam. All the presidents and followers unhesitatingly backed the domino theory; there was no disagreement on the perception. Other views were not considered, such as the CIA's report estimating the credible effects that a communist triumph in Vietnam would have on the rest of the world, which stated that "no nation in the area would quickly succumb to communism" and that "any spread which did take place would take time." (J. Justin Gustainis p1) Showing that the domino theory, although may have been important in some aspects of the Vietnam War, but it definitely shouldn't have been the focal point of the war.

The USA initially involved themselves in the Vietnam War, as they had a strong belief that it was a communist movement, an expansion on the domino theory. It wasn't until 17 that the US political leaders were busy promising their people that the domino theory had never really been a valid concept after all. (J. Justin Gustainis p14) Asia was not about to experience predictable communist subversion, and the beginning of a new period of peace would only bring good things to the nation that had tried so rigorously to gain freedom. Showing that the assumptions behind the domino theory were never questioned and it was more a state of mind than a theory. The world was stubbornly hesitant to change. The domino theory was not just a procedure of presidential influence straight to the community but also the way of which some presidents influenced themselves.

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NBA Drafting High School Athletes

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The Portland Trailblazers drafted Jermaine O'Neal in 16 in the first round seventeenth pick. He was seventeen years old and a graduating senior from high school. Jermaine is six feet eleven inches tall and two hundred and forty two pounds, clearly a NBA body. For the first four years of his career he averaged about eleven minutes a game. He only played in blowouts and as a reserve for tired or injured players. It was clear that Jermaine was not ready to step in and become a NBA star his first season. Not until four years of maturity and a trade from Portland to Indiana did his playing time go up. Jermaine has now played two seasons with the Indiana Pacers. In his first season he averaged thirteen points and nine point eight rebounds a game. Last year he averaged nineteen points and ten point five rebounds a game earning him a spot in the All Star game. What does this all mean, you may ask? The four years that Jermaine O'Neal spent sitting on the bench learning to become a NBA star, are the same four years he could have spent playing in college learning the same lessons. At the same time he could have been getting a free college education and making college basketball fun to watch. One of the best things about college basketball is watching an obviously talented player mature into a great player. The problem is that in recent years high school athletes have been skipping this opportunity to play in the NBA.

Since 15 there have been fifteen high school athletes who have entered the NBA draft. Only four of the fifteen took less than four years to mature and reach their potential. I will give you some statistics on these four players. Kevin Garnett was drafted in the first round fifth pick in 15. Kevin averaged twenty minutes and ten points a game in his first year. These were not exactly All Star numbers but the potential and ability was obviously there. Kevin was clearly the most capable athlete of the fifteen players that entered the draft after him. He was the first since Moses Malone some many years before him. Even in saying that, Kevin's rookie numbers clearly show signs of much needed maturity. Kobe Bryant was player who went through the growing pains of the NBA. Kobe was drafted in the first round thirteenth pick. In his rookie season he only averaged fifteen minutes and seven point six points a game. Although proven to be naturally gifted, these numbers also show a lack of maturity and basketball knowledge. Tracy McGrady entered the draft in 17 from Mt. Zion Christian Academy High School. He was picked in the first round as the ninth pick. It took him two years of maturing and an eventual trade to reach his potential as a NBA star. Tracy averaged eighteen minutes and seven points a game his rookie season, once again proving a lack of maturity. Lastly Rashard Lewis was drafted in the second round thirty-second pick. It took him two years to gat his minutes and point production up. Now lets take four college athletes and compare their numbers in their rookie season to that of the four high school draft picks. Elton Brand went to college for two years and entered the draft early. His maturity and knowledge of the game from his college playing experience enabled him to average thirty-seven minutes and twenty points a game in his rookie season. Allen Iverson played two seasons with the Georgetown Hoyas before entering the draft. His rookie season he averaged forty minutes and twenty-three point five points a game. Proving that even at six feet tall and one hundred sixty five pounds he could play with the best. Even Stephon Marbury, who could have easily entered the draft out of high school, spent one year at Georgia Tech University before entering the draft. His rookie stats were thirty-four minutes and fifteen points a game. The greatest of all time even waited until his junior year to enter the draft. Michael Jordan made an immediate impact in the NBA due to his three years of guidance under Dean Smith. Michael scorched the NBA with thirty-eight minutes and twenty-eight points a game in his rookie season. These four college players coming out of high school were McDonald's All Americans and as capable of entering the draft as the first four players I mentioned who entered the NBA draft directly. The statistics show a clear difference in their numbers each of their rookie seasons. There is clearly a difference in maturity and the ability to adapt as a first year professional athlete. The four high school players I chose to compare with the four college athletes were among the success stories. There are only three other players who have become up and coming NBA stars, Jermaine O'Neal, Darius Miles, and just last year Deshawn Stevenson. The rest have yet to reach their potential and some are not even in the NBA anymore.

Some of the causes of this recent problem are clear to me. It is a fact that once you are drafted and sign a contract that you are guaranteed millions of dollars. This is one of the biggest reasons high school kids are entering the NBA draft. A lot of them come from poor homes and this is a way to help out with their families. Another cause is the media along with professional scouts evaluating these kids on potential and not what actually is. I can't understand hoe they think theses kids are ready to become professional athletes when they have not proven themselves on the college level. Another cause is the greedy NBA owners. They are so ready to win now that they can care less about the maturation of a young athlete. They are willing to take chances with the young kids life and will cut their losses if it does not work out.

There are a couple of alternatives to just jumping into the NBA draft. None of the options that I will suggest will compare to the big bucks of the NBA. You can go to college and get a degree while playing basketball. You are getting a free education even if you don't make it to the NBA. Your tuition is paid for four years or until you finish. Another option is to go to college for a couple of years, if not to graduate, to improve and learn more about the game. You will make more money in the long run and you won't have to sign for the rookie minimum. The last option I will list is to test the waters of the pre-draft camps. Go to the workouts and see how you fair against the competition. If you are still just as confident enter the draft. You can even enter the draft and decide to go to school if you don't sign with an agent.

There are some positive and negative effects that entering the NBA draft out of high school can have. One definite positive is that a young man can help support his family. Another is that you can serve as a positive role model to a kid who has had a similar live to yours. You can also revitalize an organization that needs young talent to rebuild a team around. You will definitely generate ticket sales from the publicity you will receive. There are also some negative effects that the NBA can have on a young man. You may never reach your potential as a player because of a lack of basketball knowledge and not being given enough time to develop. The lifestyle change could be very hard. You go from being a high school kid to a superstar without warning. Your life is put under a microscope and you are automatically labeled a role model. A seventeen or eighteen year old high school senior is still learning how to become a man, let alone be a role model to someone else. Another negative is the life experience you will miss out on. College is a great experience that everyone should be able to take part in. Everyone are not able to have that experience and some of these high school players are choosing to skip this part of life. The same money, if not greater, will be there when you are done with school. Lastly is the effect that this is having on the game of basketball itself. The NBA is relying on these young men and some of them are not panning out. It is leaving gaps on the number of elite players that are playing in the league. This results in teams, if assembled correctly, having no rivals. It's not due to how good some of these teams are as much as it has to do with the lack of developed players. You will have a team full of first round draft picks and they will barely make the playoffs, if they make it at all. This is hurting the NBA in the long run. The sad thing is that most owners only care about now. With the emergence of free agency and players no longer signing lengthy contracts, young players have to develop now or it's off to another team. I think this time of development should be spent in college. This would do well for both the college and professional game.

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The americans

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Pangaea The Truth Untold

Scientists still do not appear to understand sufficiently that all earth sciences must contribute evidence toward unveiling the state of our planet in earlier times, and that the truth of the matter can only be reached by looking through all this evidence. . . It is only by combing the information furnished by all the earth sciences that we can hope to determine truth here, that is to say, to find the picture that sets out all the known facts in the best arrangement and that therefore has the highest degree of probability. Further, we have to be prepared always for the possibility that each new discovery, no matter what science furnishes it, may modify the conclusions we draw (Wegener, Alfred, The Origins of Continents and Oceans 4th edition). Some truly revolutionary scientific theories may take years or decades to win general acceptance among scientists. This is certainly true of plate tectonics, one of the most important and far-ranging geological theories of all time; when first proposed, it was ridiculed, but steadily accumulating evidence finally prompted its acceptance, with immense consequences for geology, geophysics, oceanography, and paleontology. And the man who first proposed this theory was a brilliant interdisciplinary scientist, Alfred Wegener.

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The theory of Pangea started when early scientists noticed the similarities between South America and Africa. Although many scientists were skeptical some dug deeper into finding the evidence. It was actually an accident how the first break in the search for the truth. Wegener was browsing in the university library when he came across a scientific paper that listed fossils of identical plants and animals found on opposite sides of the Atlantic. Intrigued by this information, Wegener began to look for, and find, more cases of similar organisms separated by great oceans. He began to take missions to Africa and South America in order to find similarities about their crust. Science at the time explained such cases by assuming that land bridges, now sunken, had once connected the separated Continents. They began studying different plants and animals on different continents that could have once been connected.

But Scientists saw the close fit between the coastlines of Africa and South America. Might the similarities among organisms be due, not to land bridges, but to the continents having been joined together at one time? As he later wrote A conviction of the fundamental soundness of the idea took root in my mind. (Wegener, Alfred, The Origins of Continents and Oceans rd Edition, 167).

Such an insight, to be accepted, would require large amounts of supporting evidence. Scientists found that large-scale geological features on separated continents often matched very closely when the continents were

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brought together. A famous Geologist at the time Emile Argrand became intrigued by Wegener's theory and he began to study the Appalachian and Scottish Highlands For example, the Appalachian mountains of eastern North America matched with the Scottish Highlands, and the rock formation of the Karroo system of South Africa were identical to those of the Santa Catarina system in Brazil. Wegener also found that the fossils found in a certain place often indicated a climate utterly different from the climate of today for example, fossils of tropical plants, such as ferns and cycads, are found today on the Arctic island of Spitsbergen. All of these facts supported Wegeners theory of "Continental Drift In 115. The first edition of The Origin of Continents and Oceans, a book outlining Wegeners theory, was published; expanded editions were published in 10, 1, and 1. About 00 million years ago, claimed Wegener, the continents had formed a single mass, called

Pangaea, which means all of earth in Greek. Pangaea had drifted, or split, and its pieces had been moving away from each other ever since. Wegener was not the first to suggest that the continents had once been connected, but he was the first to present extensive evidence from several fields.

Reaction to Wegeners theory was almost hostile, and often harsh with very inappropriate behavior. Dr. Rollin T. Chamberlin of the University of Chicago said, Wegeners hypothesis in general is of the footloose type, in that it takes considerable liberty with our globe, and is less bound by restrictions or tied down by awkward, ugly facts than most of its rival theories. (Scharzbach,

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114). Part of the problem was that Scientists had no convincing mechanism for how the continents might move. Early thought that the continents were moving through the earths crust, like icebreakers plowing through ice sheets, and that tidal-force were responsible for moving the continents. Opponents of continental drift noted that plowing through oceanic crust would destroy continents beyond recognition, and that tidal-forces were far too weak to move continents; one scientist calculated that a tidal-force strong enough to move continents would cause the Earth to stop rotating in less than one year. Another problem was that flaws in Wegeners original data caused him to make some incorrect and outlandish predictions he suggested that North America and Europe were moving apart at over 50 cm per year; this is about ten times the fastest rates seen today, and about a hundred times faster than the measured rate for North America and Europe. There were scientists who supported Wegener the South African geologist Alexander Du Toit supported it as an explanation for the close similarity of strata and fossils between Africa and South America, and the Swiss geologist Émile Argand saw continental collisions as the best explanation for the folded and buckled strata that he observed in the Swiss Alps. Wegeners theory found more scattered support after his death, but the majority of geologists continued to believe in static continents and land bridges.

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What prompted the revival of continental drift? In large part it was increased exploration of the Earths crust, notably the ocean floor, beginning in the 150s and continuing on to the present day. By the late 160s, plate tectonics were well supported and accepted by almost all geologists. Scientists now know that Wegeners theory was wrong in one major point continents do not plow through the ocean floor. Instead, both continents and ocean floor form solid plates, which float on the asthenosphere, the underlying rock that is under such tremendous heat and pressure that it behaves as an extremely viscous liquid.

Since Wegeners day, scientists have mapped and explored the great system of oceanic ridges, the sites of frequent earthquakes, where molten rock rises from below the crust and hardens into new crust. Scientists now know that the farther away a person travels from a ridge, the older the crust is, and the older the sediments on top of the crust are. The clear implication is that the ridges are the sites where plates are moving. Where plates collide, great mountain ranges may be pushed up, such as the Himalayas; or if one plate sinks below another, deep oceanic trenches and chains of volcanoes are formed. Earthquakes are by far most common along plate boundaries and rift zones plotting the location of earthquakes allows seismologists to map plate boundaries and depths. Paleomagnetic data have allowed scientists to map past plate

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movements much more precisely than before. It is even possible to measure the speed of continental plates extremely accurately, using satellite technology.

There are still many scientist say that Wegener, Argrand, and Du Tiot were all failures because they introduced an ideas that were considered bizarre in there day. Nevertheless, These Scientists basic insights remain unknown, and the lines of evidence that he used to support there theories are still actively being researched and expanded.

In conclusion, the theory of Pangea was never really proven. Although Wegener, Du Toit, and Argrand have come extremely close to the truth, their research was not well enough to prove that the super-continent really existed. The way he predicted the movement patterns was incorrect by a long shot. Pangaea has still been proven to just be a mere legend but maybe in the near future it may be proven correct. " I believe the common world will change when this information is revealed" ( Wgener, 6).

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What is Social Justice and how feasible is it in contempory South Africa?

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Social Justice is that tenet, or notion of our being, which we as civilized humans have come to embrace as the vehicle by which we define our own order in society today. This very notion has been relevant in contempory South Africa, due to our past and the previous Apartheid Regime. Since justice is almost a science in the form of the Naturalist approach to the study of law, it would be in our best interests to define the very notion of justice itself and how this applies on a macro social level. In relating the concept of social justice and it feasibility in contempory South Africa, perhaps it would be in our best interests to undertake a case study of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The TRC has come to embody a great deal of things to a great deal of people in contempory South Africa. Central among the discussion regarding the TRC was the very notion of justice itself. In this context, many saw justice offered up on the alter of compromise, whilst many regarded the process as of one truth seeking and reconciliation. What effect has this body had on contempory South Africa? In this essay I shall attempt to discuss the various stances regarding the conclusion of the TRC. Also, in understanding the notion of the concept ‘social justice', it is in our best interests to understand how social contract theory allows a form of social justice as we perceive it today.

The TRC sought amnesty for crimes of a political nature and was perhaps part of the ‘compromise' that swept post- apartheid South Africa. This motive was written into the Interim Constitution and perhaps epitomized the very nature of the TRC. As a body, the TRC comprised of two distinct halves; that of the main Commission, which via a transparent process allowed for the consideration of nominations by those stakeholders concerned. Subsequent to interviews, the panel submitted a short list of 5 individuals to the then president Nelson Mandela, who subsequently appointed 17 commissioners on the th of November 15. The second ‘arm' as it were of the TRC was the Amnesty Committee, which was established after the main Commission and independently of it, but lacking the same process of transparency. Nelson Mandela appointed these three commissioners and two judges on the 4th of January 16.

The TRC sought to utilize a form of a galvanizing and self- critical vision of the goals of our society, which in turn required a ‘clear sighted and constantly debated grasp of what was wrong in the past.' This in turn created another dilemma in the capacity of the TRC's ability to achieve this form of reconciliation amongst the people it sought to unify. The decision by the government to establish a non- legal form of hearing was an attempt to avoid a possible Nuremburg- type situation. It sought to avoid all the necessary legal pedantics, which arrive with such a process, but rather sought to acquire a form of confessional atonement of past wrongs. It is in this very first step that the TRC became a vehicle of subjective morality and callous truth seeking. The very fact that these hearings were based on assumptions and more appointed versions of the struggle, rather than the exact state of affairs, further detracted from the initial statement of ‘Truth and Reconciliation'. As the hearings were conducted in public with mass media coverage, a presented view of truths were established that was one of marginalized capacity to attain a complete form of truth. The lack of due process surrounding the establishment of guilt or innocence was neatly circumvented via a form of blas subjectivism and this further detracted from the very postulates of justice. The need for a documented trial, with legal professionals at the fore, was ignored by the excuse of cost and time. One could argue that legal process would present a version of truth that is entirely subjective to that of strict legal morality, but in response to this, the TRC came to actually prop up the old apartheid evils that glare us in the ace today. The TRC only catered for those who were subject to political violence or any wrong committed that was illegal during the time of apartheid. Essentially it ignored the largest facet of policy, which made apartheid the evil it is today. It is all well and good to perform a witch hunt for the perpetrators of crimes against humanity, in terms of politically motivated crime, but such injustices as the forced removals and Group Area's Act, managed to slip the TRC's definition of ‘evil'. The .5 million involved in this TRC oversight, comprises faceless communities, not individual activists, which in turn illustrates a social catastrophe and not merely a political dilemma. This is testament to the fact that the TRC only considered a gross violation, a gross violation under the laws of apartheid! Thus in focusing on the atrocities that fell outside the laws o apartheid, the TRC came to establish a form of moral compromise in terms of what was legal and what was legitimate, and essentially between the law and what was essentially ‘right'. Thus although the act of torture, murder and rape came to the fore, with the commission neglecting the very make- up of what made apartheid fundamentally wrong. This narrow- lensed truth created the TRC's own marginalized version of truth, which failed to facilitate a general consensus of evil that was apartheid. Another mistake of the commission was to establish an air of humiliation, rather than that of fostered forgiveness, when dealing with the beneficiaries of apartheid. This in turn resulted in strong opposition to this process by white, and more predominantly, Afrikaner people. The intended aim of this commission was to facilitate reconciliation and not to drive a stake into the very heart of this process. By the subsequent marginalization of these individuals, an air of retribution and not of reconciliation was achieved. This ensured that the need for a mass social debate regarding the future of a post- apartheid South Africa would never be considered fostered on both sides of the divide. Thus by reinforcing the political compromise of 14, The TRC turned the political boundaries of compromise into analytical boundaries of truth seeking, thus effectively turning that very political compromise into a moral compromise, and effectively obscuring the truth. This resulted in the senseless suffering experienced by the victims was never really, other than in exceptional circumstance, answered with confession and accountability.

Thus' a result of the ethic of reconciliation propagated by the TRC, many on both sides feel that a form of ‘closure' has been consigned to the annals of myth. The process surrounding the details of many of the enquiries lacked a form of moral objectiveness, which would allow the scope for moving forward in our fledgling democracy. What the TRC hearings did manage to achieve was the categorical establishment on both sides, as to the very nature of apartheid, and the evil that it has come to represent. The miracle that we are living today owes a great deal to this very establishment of this standard and has ushered in a form of quasi- unity amongst South African people today. What it failed to achieve was an official, neutral, written history of our land and it's people. Instead the TRC managed to write off a majority of the evil that was apartheid, and established a form of bastard- morality in its place. If we are to move forward a people perhaps, it is the evil of yesterday which should be the constant reminder of the need for social equality, before an established form of what is deemed morally and ethically correct. The standard was never properly established and as a result, served to further inflict the pain of the past via a marginalized truth, which lacked any form of substance. The concept of reconciliation is one of mutual commiseration and not that of who was most correct or incorrect. There is not one person who would deny the evils of our past, but at the same time, the need to move forward as one people requires a form of compromise and atonement on both sides. History reflects the version of the winner, but in the case of South Africa, where such morality requires blatant transparency, we as a people must transcend the vice that makes us human, and be the first to establish that we are indeed the society humans have always wanted to be, above our own selfish interest, above all that constitutes the greed of humans. The South African paradigm is perhaps indeed the vehicle the human race needs as a whole, to escape the negative characteristics that has shaped the evolution of our race. It is indeed in South Africa that we illustrated the goodness and potential of the human spirit, and the ability of the individual to enjoy the right to equality, life and happiness. The TRC was instrumental in establishing the evil of apartheid in the mind of most, but the process facilitated a form of subjective morality and marginalization of the greater truth with regards to our perception of social justice.

Bibliography

Kader Asmal, Louise Asmal and Ronald Suresh Roberts, 16, ‘ Reconciliation through Truth' Cape Town David Phillip.

Mahmood Mamdi, 000, ‘A Diminished Truth', in Wilmot James and Linda van der Vijver(eds.) After the TRC Reflections on Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa, Cape Town David Phillip, pp 58-61.

Fredrick van Zyl Slabbert, 000, ‘Truth Without Reconciliation, Reconciliation without Truth', Cape Town David Phillip.

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Selection Process Report For A Junior Graphic Artist

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Selection Process Report For A Junior Graphic Artist

(Please let me assume that we have received application forms by the close day.)

The TTLe Project team is seeking an experienced and high standard performing Junior Graphic Artist. We have decided to use rang of methods to select the best candidate to fit into the position. We will use scrutinizing CVs, interviewing, testing (both work sample tests and job knowledge tests), reference checks and second interview. I will go through the selection process step by step to ensure that we select the most predicting performance candidate as our new Junior Graphic Artist.

First step Scrutinizing CVs / Application Forms

I have scrutinized CVs and application forms. I main looked at the education background, most all them were graduated from university or relevant education background. I check the work experience very carefully because we are seeing for performance. Fortunately, candidates are generally qualified. 10 of them are not having so many experiences but their personal skills attract me to give them all first interview. They are all having equal opportunity to do the first interview.

The advantages of checking CVs are

1. Checking the experience, personal skills and education background, we can see who are the most potential persons we will consider to give the first interview.

. The presentation of CVs may show the candidate¡¦s design, word processing and typing skills.

. Due to our job advertisement was clearly defined the position requires, from the CVs, we can see how well the candidates understand the Junior Graphic Artist is. It shows the candidates¡¦ ability of understanding.

4. From the CVs we can find out the strength and weakness of each candidate, this information can help us to get a valid comparison.

Second step First interview

Interview is very important for both parties. It is an opportunity for the candidates and interviewers to communicate face to face. For candidates, it is a great chance to show the interviewer how well they can present their self. For interviewers, the direct conversation indicates the communicate skills and personality of a candidates.

In the first interview, I will use a structured interviews selection method. I have planed five question parts.

Introduction.

Ask the candidate to introduce their self, break ice. A confident and logical candidate will introduce himself / herself in an appropriated way.

Education background

Ask question about where, when, what have they studied before? What is their education plan for future? I can see whether their education background is related graphic arts or not. Find out whose education background is most relevant to graphic arts.

Work experience

Ask question about where, when, what and how have they worked before? Do they have experience with team project work? I can see how many candidates¡¦ previous jobs are related with graphic arts and design. How many they are experienced with Adobe suite, Macintosh. The information they gave will enable me to choose who will have the second interview or an opportunity to do the testing.

Personal skills

In the interview, the candidate¡¦s performance indicates that her or his communication skills and manners. We expect our employees have confidence and be able to complete their tasks independently. An effective communication skills and be able to work well in team in necessary. This is the standard of our company to select a new employee.

Personality

I will give my full attention while the candidate is answering my questions. Because the way of people talk, think, present and body language can reflect a person¡¦s personality. Through the interview, we can see what type of personality of the candidates is. We are seeking a positive, cooperative person and be able to work well in a team. Candidates who are more likely optimistic and easy going will be more chance to get the job. The personality and attitude are important factor of my consideration in the select process.

Third step Testing (including work sample and job knowledge tests)

Before I make a list of candidates for the testing interview I will look at my first interview notes. I will do a comparison of each candidate and justify how many of them are closed to the ¡§right person¡¨ we want. Then select them to come to the testing. I only choose the potential candidates to do the testing interview because I do not want to waste time and money. My aim is to select the right Junior Graphic Artists. (Please let me assume 8 candidates are on the testing list.)

Work sample test

Work sample test is the most effective selection methods as performance predictors. I have prepared the same work sample tests for the 8 candidates. The tests are

„ Design and produce black and white graphic art

„ Implement graphic and media art work for publication in Trial Papers

I will time them when they are doing the test. I want to know who the first person to complete the tasks is and who is familiar with Adobe suite and Macintosh most.

Job knowledge tests

Job knowledge tests are important selection methods as performance predictors. Its show the candidate¡¦s ability of understanding what the Junior Graphic Artist is. I may set up the test like

„ Do you have any idea about TTLe?

„ What do you think the Junior Graphic Artist do?

„ What key tasks do you think as a Junior Graphic Artist responsible to?

„ How will you organize and maintain project information?

Candidates¡¦ responses are directly related whether they can do the job or not. The testing shows the real knowledge, skills and abilities. These two tests give the most reliable and valid information of the candidates, the testing step is one of the most valuable methods in the selection methods.

Fourth step Reference checks

Due to the job is to provide graphic art and design services to the research and development functions of the TTLe project. The TTle software including databases about item art work for the project is a confidentiality of the School of Education Department. Employees should understand the company policy and be able to maintain confidentiality. Reference checks may prove a candidate¡¦s quality. Some main benefits

„ What kind of person the candidate is from other people¡¦s point of view. We can see both good side and bad side of the candidates.

„ Whether she / he has a good reputation

„ Whether she / he is conscientious, responsible and methodical

„ How well has she / he been performing

„ Ensure to choose the right person.

Fifth step second interview

After scrutinizing CVs, first interview, testing and checking reference, I will do a second interview to decide who I will pick up from the last three competitive candidates. At the second interview, I will discuss the salary and other conditions of work. Salary impacts both parties. Some candidates may keen of money; some people may prefer a nice working environment or a high opportunity of promotion. How much salary the candidate is expected and how much we can offer is one of the key factors of our consideration in the last selection process. We will select the person who expect the most reasonable and acceptable salary. Our aim is make both parties happy.

Different organization may use different selection process that depending on the position, purpose of the job and so on. The more strategies the interviewers use in the selection process the more chance to select the ¡§right person¡¨. Over all the selection steps, hopefully we can select the best candidate as our new Junior Graphic Artist.

Bibliography

Phil, Chase. Susan, O¡¦Rourke. Lydia, Smith. Clare, Sutton. Tony, Timperley. Catherine, Wallace. ¡§Effective Business Communication in New Zealand¡¨. Second Edition. LONGMAN.

John, Boyce. Market Research In Practice. McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Limited. Australia. (00)

Bishop, N. How to Close the Gender Communication Gap. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley. (1)

Dwyer, j. The Business Communication Hand Book. 7th edition. Harper Collins, New York. (000)

Eunson, B. Behaving Managing Yourself and Others. McGraw-Hill, Australia. (000)

Fisher, R. Negotiation Agreement without Giving. Arrow, Great Britain. (001)

Hocker, J, L. Interpersonal Conflict. 4th edition. William C. Brown, Dubuque, Iowa.

Jones, S.L. A Guide to Using Color Effectively in Business Communication. Business Communication quarterly. th edition. (00)

Please note that this sample paper on Selection Process Report For A Junior Graphic Artist is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Selection Process Report For A Junior Graphic Artist, we are here to assist you. Your paper on Selection Process Report For A Junior Graphic Artist will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Beans

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Richard T. Ferrer

Business Planning and Entrepreneurship

Prof. Eric Villegas

Reaction Paper Beans

"Beans" is a story of how The El Espresso does business. The author talks about the four + 1 Principles for running a business in good times or bad. The principles in business discussed are Passion, People, Personal, Product and Eye of Intention. Passion is described as your dedication and the love you put in what you are doing, whether on your work or on your business. People, is to have and hire the best people in your business. Personal, is treating your customers as your friends. Product is how well we pay attention to the quality of it. And lastly the Eye of intention, is your concern on what really brings you to the business, your purpose, your meaning and your direction. All of these five principles, according to the author if followed and weaved in a business would ensure success.

The key learning that I have in this article are

1) "When you totally love what you make, its just natural that your customers will love it too"

This statement is applicable in anything we do. Oftentimes, if we don't like what we are doing, the result often suffers. In our work, if the work doesn't interests us, we don't have about the result and output that we make. We just leave each day because of the pay. Thus the output will suffer.

) "Employees are the heart of his business. Their variety of personalities is what makes a business unique.."

This statement often neglected by the companies. Especially in service business where the primary contact in customers are not product but personal service.

) "Work is more than the money. It's about enjoying what you're doing. It's about what you're doing being a natural extension of yourself and fulfilling a need you have."

Work, as the term itself, it is a means to earn money. It is a way to earn a living. Most of us is guilty of working just for the sake of the paycheck. But I think, people working for money will not be able to get any enjoyment in their work and will result in fatigue and stress in work. Most of the time, absentee and tardiness are symptoms of employees who don't enjoy much of their work. To be able to enjoy the work, I think the most important factor is work, job and responsibility match. In any organization, the employer should focus carefully on the job match of the work to the employee. I have experienced this in my organization. As a professor, I believed that teaching is a passion. Not everyone has a passion and patience on teaching. Thus, a job match is needed to be able to unleash the full potential of each employee in any organization.

4) … look for potential employees who first and passion and second had the right attitude."

I think, every employer should focus on this in hiring their employees. The skills should be rd priority in choosing employees. Oftentimes, employers just look on the skills and experiences of the person who applies on the job. But failure to find and know the passion and most importantly the right attitude toward work, though a very intelligent and very skillful person may not be able to contribute well in the organization.

5) "I trust my people to do the right thing instead of being afraid they won't. Because trust is a stronger force than fear."

Trust, a very strong and important word in our lives and in any organization .People work well if other people trusted them. Who wants to work in any environment where your superior doesn't even trust you? People only release their full potential and energy if they are being trusted.

6) "When employees lose their loyalty, it's hard for them to be selfless with the customers."

Loyalty, a very important but the hardest thing to get in any person or in any employee in an organization. I believe that loyalty is not a single event; it is a process that leads to loyalty. Loyalty is earned through integrity, honesty and transparency.

7) "What seems to happen is that a company starts out with a good product and they became successful with it and then they start to focus on profits instead of the product and the service.

This statement is evident in most of the organizations. Its sad to say that most product in the market are only good during the introduction. Especially in restaurants. During the opening and initial stages, the food is really good, but as time goes time, they failed to maintain the taste and quality of the food. The common reason why this happens is that managers tend to focus more on cost cutting and on their profit. Thus they fail to concentrate on what really gives them profit.. their product quality.

8) "… I like that fact that they know my name and what I drink. It makes me feel like I belong…

Feeling of Belongingness. I strongly believe that most people, the feeling of belongingness are one of our basic needs in life. We feel good if we belong. Like in our own family, we love our home, our family because this is the only place where we truly belong, and being taken care off. This strategy in business is very effective to be able to maintain the loyalty of customers.

) .. if they want to be successful in business, the first thing is they have to get the fundamentals right.

Fundamentals are often neglected in businesses. Oftentimes, we are being preoccupied with other things. Failure to really look deeply on our fundamentals-our product, will result in wastage of our efforts towards productivity.

10) "Your clients- your customers- have remained loyal because you have never compromised on quality." .. That Product Quality it's everybody's responsibility. Employees should take ownership, accountability, and responsibility not only for their actions but for the quality and consistency of the product itself.

Quality is oftentimes being looked as an end product. But current trends nowadays are looking at quality as an end product. In construction business, we often look on quality as the end product, and we usually hire a person to take care of the quality, like a quality control engineer. I think that to be able to really focus on quality, construction firms should work toward achieving quality as a serious matter and the responsibility should be given to all the people in the business process. From the supplier, to the delivery down to the actual performance of the labor.

11) If you don't know where you're going in business or in life, or what you intend to have happen along the way, you can't effectively decide what to do next or if you're even on the road of success.

Purpose, Meaning and Goals in life. These words will serve as our inspiration in our life. But oftentimes, we are guilty of living this life without even deeply thinking of our purpose, meaning and goals. As a result, we try to move on different jobs and to decide on things day by day. I believe that success can only be achieved if we are to have a focus in life, our goal and our purpose.

1) "Before you can become successful in your work, you have to define for yourself what success means to you."

Success is very subjective in nature. Success is defined in different ways. For others, success is an End, a terminal achievement of their goals. But for others, success is a process, an experience. Just like Jack in this story. He thinks that success is be able to share and help others to be successful. Success is the process of day to day experience with his employees and with their valued customers. To me, success is not an end. Success is a process.. to be able to learn from mistakes and be able to live life to the fullest and be able to unleash and find out my own capabilities and strengths is success.

Conclusion

For the 4P's that is discussed in the article. I believe that what really matters in any business is be able to identify their specific drivers that drive the profit of the company. The drivers that is really adding value to their business. Nowadays, companies look on their financial ratios as the key to their performance. But few companies really look on their non- financial measures, such as what discussed in the article, the four P's.

In any company, the capacity to identify its specific 4P's is the key to really understand their business. After knowing the real drivers of their business, the next step is now focus on these key drivers (such as the four P's) and be able to derive value on it. Through this, companies will not be wasting their time anymore on things that doesn't add up any value on them.

Please note that this sample paper on beans is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on beans, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on beans will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment from and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Empowerment

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Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Empowerment, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Empowerment paper at affordable prices!

Introduction

Various external challenges have forced people and their organizations to change. First, customers have developed and their expectations are high quality, low prices and good services. Second, the forces of change are brought on by global competition. Third, the members of today's work force are very different from past. They have great potential for growth and development but are impatient and want to control their own destinies. [1] Consequently, the way businesses have to be managed has changed significantly over the last 50 years.

In these days, organizational leaders are looking for new ways to improve the creative potential of their workforce to continue to exist in this competitive environment. As with total quality management and re-engineering, empowerment has become one of the mantras of the 10s. Empowerment may be a possible survival solution for firms facing increasing competitive pressures and changing workforce dynamics. []

Employee motivation is very critical in a competitive environment because companies can attain sustainable competitive advantage by motivating their workforce. Firms try to motivate their employees to produce a better quality product at a lower cost and have a more stable working environment. One of the newest ways that firms have endeavored to increase the motivational levels of their employees is to empower them. []

Definition of Empowerment

With the varying views of empowerment within the business context, different definitions of empowerment have been produced. One of them is written below

"It will be defined as the involvement of employees in the decision-making process inviting the members of the organization to think strategically and to be personally responsible for the quality of their tasks, animating, favoring and rewarding employees for behaving always in a way they consider more suitable to satisfy customers and to improve the organisation's functioning.[5]"

There are two general viewpoints of empowerment in a business context, the relational perspective and the psychological perspective. Relational empowerment is defined in literature as top-down processing as well as mechanistic. According to this perspective, empowerment occurs when higher levels share power with lower levels within the same hierarchy. Contrarily, the psychological perspective of empowerment focuses on the employee's perception of empowerment. It is also known as bottom-up processing. According to this perspective, empowerment is achieved only when psychological states produce a perception of empowerment within the employee. []

Benefits of Empowerment

It is proposed that empowerment provides a high degree of flexibility and tolerance of diversity, while giving senior management retention eventual business control. It is revealed that empowered employees are provided with the necessary resources and autonomy to continuously try hard for innovation and to be able to respond to change. [6] Leaders use the empowerment as a management tool to increase the performance capacity of people in any organization.

Most of the reports state that the companies whose employees have more control and responsibility over their jobs achieve a greater return on sales than those companies that do not give control and responsibility to their employees. [1]

Limitations to empowerment

"empowerment is voluntary but not optional", [4]

The quote above makes the first point of the limitations to empowerment. It demands the voluntary exercise of employees' capacities, but there is no option to refuse this demand, ie once a company has decided to use empowerment all employees have to do it. The second point is that delegation of tasks is not all about managers letting the employees handle all the decisions. It is a special manager-subordinate relationship within the formal structure of the organization. Managers can often hesitate to delegate for various reasons. Some of them include

· difficulty depending on others

· fear of subordinates doing a poor job

· or doing a good job and outperforming the employer

· "I can do it better myself"-mentality

· inability to direct and provide proper training

· lack of selective controls, i.e. no clearly defined parameters for the problem

· a risk aversion temperament

Employees might also resist taking on responsibility. This may stem from a sense of not being properly trained for the tasks they need to perform. Other problems include

· lack of self-esteem

· a sense of not having any influence in the organization

· or not being listened to

· resentment towards management, not wanting to help

· not being group-oriented. Empowerment requires working with people

Sometimes empowerment just does not mesh well with the organizational culture. The organization which implements empowerment needs a culture that is high-trust, high-risk taking and that is participative. One of the main principles in empowerment is that you have to share information. Information is often viewed as power and therefore people might withhold it from each other.

If you use empowerment as a quick fix for problems in the organizations you will not get the results you want. Delegation can go wrong in many ways, as we have seen in the Ferris-Turner case. Excessive company bureaucracy can also have a negative effect on empowerment.

Another important consideration before you implement empowerment is to think about which culture your co-workers come from. Depending on which culture they are from, people cope differently with responsibilities. A worker from China might feel uneasy about the decentralized decision-making that follows with empowerment.

There is also the problem of measuring degrees of empowerment and its outcome. You just don't know what you are doing right or wrong. Your output may increase but it is difficult to say something about which factor in the process that was critical.

In a way, empowerment is the opposite of a rigid hierarchy. Hierarchies do fulfill some need for order and security. At least in a hierarchy, you usually know your position and what is expected of you. They also provide clear markers that let us know how fast and how far we are climbing. Many of us want to be evaluated and hierarchies offer us report cards. We depend on structures as a kind of protective parent guarding us against the dangers of the world. True, it might not be as exciting and challenging to be a regular employee compared to being the executive, but with decision-making follows responsibility. You are responsible for making the right decisions and you will suffer the consequences if you make a wrong decision. When it comes to dealing with a dissatisfied customer, in the service industry for example, you can't just send them to your supervisor and let him or her deal with the problem. Service recovery often needs to be done immediately. But many employees might not feel ready to deal with an angry customer. It feels safer to refer them to your superiors.

The conclusion is that there will always be some level of hierarchy. Hierarchies fulfill so many needs and there will always be some level of management who defines problems and hand out tasks to be solved. But if your organizational culture mixes well with empowerment and if you can find out a way to go around all the problems aforementioned, empowerment might prove to be just the thing your organization needs.

REFENRENCES

1. Blanchard, K., Carlos, J.P., Randolp A. 1, The Keys to Empowerment, Berret-Koehler Publishers Inc., San Fransisco.

. Johnson, D., Thurston, E. 17, "Leadership & Organization Development Journal", Achieving empowerment strategy grid, vol.18, no., pp.647.

. Matthew, R., Diaz, W., Cole, S. 00,"Personnel Review", The Organizational Empowerment Scale, Vol., No., pp. 7-18.

4. Claydon, T., Doyle, M., "Personnel Review", Trusting me, trusting you? The ethics of employee empowerment, Vol. 5, No. 6, 16, pp. 1-5.

5. Pardo Del Val, M., Lloyd, B.00, "Leadership & Organization Development Journal", Measuring Empowerment, Vol.4, No., pp.10-108.

6. Holt, G., Love, P., Nesan, L., 000, "Team Performance Management An International Journal", Employee empowerment in Construction an implementation model for process improvement, Volume 6 . Number ¾, pp. 47-51.

7.

Please note that this sample paper on Empowerment is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Empowerment, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Empowerment will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!