High School Dropouts in Canada

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This paper will discuss teenage dropouts in Canada, areas where the dropouts come from, gender of the students, age, and any other information that is viable reasons to quit school before graduation. This paper will also include several surveys and accurate findings done by Canadian schools and officials.

According to the Human Resources Development of Canada it is hard to keep up with the labor market with all the education and training required that without the completion of high school a decent job is hard to find. This is a competitive economy dominated by technology and advanced skills making it difficult for people to obtain a basic standard of living without an education (00, para, ).

Currently, 17,000 Canadian youth fail to complete their basic education (para. 4). Males represent the greater proportion of 14% while female dropouts average .%. Still, dropout rates have declined from 18 % in 11 to 11.4 % in 1 (para. ).

"Without a solid learning foundation, subsequent education and skills development can be undermined and future employment success and quality of life can be limited" (Canada's Innovation Strategy, ND, para 1). Although most students perform well in school, there still remains a significant minority of high school students who drop out (Canada's Innovation Strategy, ND, para ). The 000 Programme for International Student Assessment placed Canadian 15 year-old students second in reading, sixth in math, and fifth in science; however, the 14 International Adult Literacy Survey found that approximately 16-5 year olds had literacy skills under the generally accepted minimum level for further learning (para 5).

Canadian schools are very impressive with their educational opportunities (para ). Students who stay in school will benefit from a level of literacy school and graduate sufficiency. Canada has been rated one of the top three countries for mathematics, reading achievement, and science (para. ). All young Canadian students are computer and Internet literate by grade school graduation. The graduates from high school who have a working knowledge of both official languages have doubled (para 5).

One fifth of young adults in Canada are school leavers instead of high school graduates and this is a cause for concern. About two-thirds of the school leavers have only completed school up to the tenth grade or less and are 17 years old or younger. (Human resources Development Canada, 00, ). Maria Spergel, author of "Youth Drop outs Problems & Solutions" says that drop out patterns are detectable as early as elementary school.

There is not one homogenous group for students who choose to drop out of school (Canadian Teachers' Federation, ND, para 6). Many leavers do not come from high-risk backgrounds or are substance abusers (para, 6). School leaving is the result of a number of contributing factors including gender, province, socio-economic background, school and work experience (para, 6). Research indicates that there are many different factors; biological and environmental that contributes to school completion. Studies show that the path towards success begins at birth (para, 7). Studies focus on academic skills and family characteristics. Dropouts are more likely to come from lower income and single parent homes (para, 7). These same students receive lower grades and their parents provide little educational support. However the majority of dropouts come from two parent middle-income homes. Surprisingly, the top reason given by students for dropping out is school dissatisfaction (para 8).

Students who dropout may experience a feeling of not belonging at school or may have difficulties in relationship with peers and/or teachers (Youth Drop outs, ND, para 4). In fact, only one third of students who drop out actually discuss it with their principal or teacher in advance. Forty one percent of those students indicated that there was no attempt to resolve the problem by school officials (para, 5). Dropping out seems to be more of a process than a decision. Dropping out has increased the number of health problems, delinquency, crime, substance abuse, and economic dependency (para, 7).

In December 11, Canada participated in a survey involving teenagers between the ages of 18 and 1 who had dropped out from school. 1.5% of all respondents---8.% of men and 10.4% of women cited a preference for work over school as their most important reason for dropping out (Canadian Teachers' Foundation, ND, para 1). About 0% identified boredom as their most important reason for dropping out (para ). More than 0% of high school dropouts maintained an A or B average when they left school (para ). The statistics show that students were most likely to drop out if they had dependents, were disabled, lived alone or with friends, had changed school a number of times, were married, separated or divorced, had parents or friends that considered high school unimportant, or who had fathers who had not completed high school. Statistics also show that young men were more likely to dropout than young women (para 4). Almost half of all high school dropouts involved in this study had returned to school by the age of 0. (para 4).

The Canadian national average for high school student's dropouts is 18%. 10,000 high school students leave school before they graduate (Statistics Canada, 00 para ). Leaving school is a disadvantage to those seeking meaningful employment. The school leavers who don't return to school can expect long work hours and low-income levels as a result. Youth Canadians will need to be prepared with the skills to take advantage of the opportunities offered in the new economy. An education prepares a person for a career in the new economy (para ).

Education has a serious impact on earnings. An American study comparing the incomes of university and high school graduated found that those with degrees made 54% (males) to 88% more (females) (High School Completion Options, ND, para 1). Canada is three times more likely to be unemployed than university graduates (para, 1).

Canadian youths today are staying in school longer are completing their secondary school programs than in higher numbers than in the past. "This is likely due in part to increased emphasis on the importance of educational attendance and completion, the economic recession, and to a pattern of temporary departurereturn to schooland eventual completion" (Human resources Development Canada, 00, para 5).

"With the support and participation of communities, governments and employers, education would be strengthened as an important collective enterprise" (Human resources Development Canada, ND, para ). The question that needs to be asked is, how can students be discouraged from dropping out? What role can the community engage in to helping young people continue their education after they have dropped out?

Elementary schools are required to provide students with the official curriculum throughout their 6 years at elementary school. The purpose of elementary schools is to prepare children with a basic education to help them become sound citizens of the country. High school forces social interactions amongst teenagers making it possible for students to begin making their adult decisions. The better educated are doing much better than those with less schooling. By 004, the demands for a University degree for new jobs created will be more that 70%, compared to the six percent of new jobs that will be held for those who haven' t finished school (Youth Employment Information, ND, para 1). Six percent of new jobs will be held for those who have not finished school.

The Canadian government launched the Stay-in-School initiative in the early 10's encouraging young Canadians to finish school and acquire the skills needed for the labor force of the future (Eric Digest, ND, para ). "Organizational reconstructing, financial constraints, and increasing skills requirements and recurrent retraining powered a search for new approaches to prepare youth to enter the labor market and to assume adult roles in the workplace, family, community, and country" (para, ). The Stay-in-School strategy was sought to reduce Canada's dropout rates through collective responsibility and action, rather then using persecution and blame (para, ). The government created awareness to the problem by handing out packets contains viable information on the cons of dropping out, they encouraged people to develop and share ideas, and they generated an intervention (para 4). 84%of the students who participated in the dropout intervention completed their year, of those students less than 5% of them would not have graduated if the Stay-in- School intervention had not been in place (para 4). As a result to this program significant gains were made in public awareness and knowledge on the issue (para, 5). If the Canadian schools and government stay focused to establish a foundation for student retention it would decrease the number of teenage dropouts even more than they have seen in the past. (para, 6). The children of today are the future of tomorrow; therefore it is imperative that teenagers finish school.

Reference

Spergel, Maria. (ND). Youth Drop Outs Problems & Solutions. Retrieved June, 00 from http//www.hillwatch.com/hottissues/hottissueyouth.htm

Statistics Canada. (00). Dropping out of High School on Decline. Retrieved June, 00 from http//www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/8-001-XIE/00001/drop.htm

Bulletins. Contents Human Resource Development Canada. (00, June). Many Dropouts go back to School. Retrieved on June, 00, from http//www.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/sp-ps/arb-dgra/publications/bulletin/voln1/e/vn1_06.e.shtml

Canadian Teachers Foundation. (ND). High School Dropout. Retrieved on June, 00, from http//www.ctf-fce.ca/e/what/ni/three.htm

Hacket, H., Baran, D. (15). Canadian Action on Early School Leaving A Description of the National Stay-in-School Initiative. Eric Digest. Retrieved on July 16, 00 from, http//www.ericfacility.net.ericdigests/ed481.html

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Euthanasia, it is impossible to kill people

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Euthanasia it is a Greek word which means -easy death. The modern term euthanasia means any action or, on the contrary, inactivity which as a matter of fact or to intention results in the death which are having for an object elimination of a pain and suffering. There are various positions against euthanasia. One position opposes cases of active euthanasia, where an active, or overt, effort is made to bring about death, such as in administering a lethal injection, or passive euthanasia, which means inactivity to the patient. Supporters of euthanasia have purposely provoked terminological confusion by various statements that it is necessary to understand as this term. In this item we should consider all sides of a euthanasia problem.

The essence euthanasia was known for a long time from the extreme antiquity. So in Sparta killed the babies which were born weak or sick. Some primitive tribes had custom to kill or leave the old men becoming a burden for family.

And in XX century the concept euthanasia has come to life. It has taken place because opportunities of medicine began much more. Earlier if the person who had insult or heart attack immediately died. So now the medicine can rescue him, moreover, it can take out the person from a coma or even clinical death. It can happen when the patient is sick of heavy illness and it is considered doomed on death or on long tortures. Further, if the patient asks for euthanasia and it is legalized then him destroy. What we have the right, return the person to a life, and then take and destroy him? It is absurd situation.

Now we shall consider two cases when the patient is in consciousness and wants to die himself and when he is in unconsciousness during many years.

The example of the first case has taken place in the USA in the middle 60's. At the father of one American woman Trjus Postma began senile dementia. From the wise and friendly person he has turned to the grumbler, anothers for the family and for himself. He named the daughter madam, the son-in-law called driver. After a haemorrhage in a brain, was found out the phenomena of a partial paralysis at him.

During this period Trjus' mother began to reflect on senseless cruelty of the similar end. After death of the husband she has asked the daughter and the son-in-lawBoth of you doctors. If something in this sort will take place with me, promise me that will relieve me of such tortures. Trjus with the husband have promised to her, though as the daughter later has admitted, hardly then understood sense promised.

In 171 Trjus' mother had a heavy insult that paralysis one side of body and defeat of speech. She devoutly struggled for again to become independent, but the second haemorrhage in a brain has for ever confined her to bed.We often came to see her, and forces were not to look at this once strong woman adhered by belts to an armchair - wheelchair or laying on a bed with high sides. - recollects Trjus.

In spite of the fact that she was hardly possible manage something, she said one phrase very clearlyYou promised me!. Butrjus with the husband were not ready to do it. Once have called from a board to them and informed that mother has fallen from a bed. Having come tearing along on a bell,rjus has asked mother;How it can happened? I wanted to leave a life, you know.- She has distinctly said. Having realized, that mother wanted to kill herself, Trjus has understood, how her sufferings were great and has decided to help mother to get rid from them.We came to her in the afternoon. I have taken her hands and have said now it will be better for you, mum. And then has entered morphine... It was the first case when she has applied euthanasia. As the doctor, she was possible to enter the patient anesthetizing and narcotics to moderate their sufferings. But never in a life had she ventured to applyeasy death.

This example speaks about necessity of euthanasia. But I consider that in this case it impossible to apply euthanasia. Trjus' mother could appear a mental phenomenon because of intolerable sufferings. And whether doctors can diagnose about that, what is it actually? No, they cannot make it. Whether there is any guarantee of that the woman could not recover? No, we have not such guarantee. We shall note that procedure of decision-making on application ofsimplification of sufferings not always assumes desire of the patient. I mean Holland and Australia, where euthanasia is legalized.

Now lets pass to more difficult case. For example, the person lays without consciousness during many years. His life is supported with the help of artificial bodies. During many years of him contain, waste time also means, and he lays and does not come to the senses.

But even to such people it is impossible to apply euthanasia because he is alive person and he at all has not given the consent on euthanasia. If society has agreed to contain this person in such conditions what for to jump to conclusions what he will not recover any more? I consider, that it is necessary prolonging his life, in spite of how much years he would be in such status.

Surely, to kill them more easier, than to support a life of such people. In fact at first sight they do not represent any value for a society. But, it not so! These people cannot be namedalive corpses as them the some people name. At these people the form of a life. The life is given to the person by the God. The church considers euthanasia as murder and illegal. The church feels that life should be preserved and that taking ones own life is considered suicide and punishable by God. We have no right somehow to take away a life from the person. Our responsibility - will support a life. Probably, some readers will not agree with me. Then present that your liked person is in coma. You cannot even talk to him. Will you apply euthanasia to him? No. I am against euthanasia. For a life of each patient it is necessary to struggle up to the end, even if a case hopeless. If suddenly something happen that change something and the patient will survive? Suddenly the person will be recovered. The person never should lose hope. Such cases when the person recovers are not individual. Mistakes in diagnostics too are not individual. Euthanasia affects not only the person, who dies, but other family, friends and those doctors or individuals who help make that decision. Therefore euthanasia in Ukraine it is forbidden not only the law, but also rules of medical ethics, and she should be forbidden everywhere.

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CHEAT SHEET - Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen

POET

-History

-Style

CONTEXT

AURAL DEVICES

-Cacophony

Cacophony is used effectively throughout the poem to expose the harsh truths of war. In this way the aural sounds of the poem mimic the themes and issues expressed by the poem. Lines like, "Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge," () and "guttering, choking, drowning" (16) reiterate this.

SYMBOLISIM

LANGUAGE

-Style

-Devices

Figurative language is used in the poem in the first line, "Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, which shows us that the troops are so tired that they can be compared to old beggars. A great use of a simile, "His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin,"(0) suggests that his face is probably covered with blood a recognizable symbol of the devil.

IMAGERY

The images in the poem are so graphic that their intent is to make the reader physically sick. A few lines that exemplify this are "he plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning." and "the blood/Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs/ Bitter as the cud/Of vile". These compelling lines indicate that men drowned helplessly in the toxic gasses. These graphic images are immensely disturbing but play an effective role in the development of the poem as they convey Wilfred Owen's prime message and reiterate the cruel horrors of war.

OTHER POETIC TECHNIQUES

-Oxymoron

The oxymoron, "an ecstasy of fumbling" is used to effectively portray the truth about war. In fact, Wilfred Owen is saying that a glorious war is in itself an oxymoron.

PERSONA/POINT OF VIEW

CHARACTERS

SETTING

THEMES/ISSUES

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Colleges

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George Mason University This College is an excellent college. It has everything that I would look for in a college. The location is in Virginia and I would know people there. But my main reason I would go to this college is it offers AFROTC in which my main college doesn't. If I could get the AFROTC scholarship, that would be a full ride in college, since I planned on joining the air force after college anyways. But with every college there's a down fall, this college is in Fairfax, Virginia which is right next to D.C, a city full of crime. But this college is third on my list.

University of Virginia Wow this college is a very tough school; it seems to be an ivory league school. Also with this college comes AFROTC, which would help once again. But since this is a state university, if would be harder to be accepted due to that I would be out of state. The area that the college is located in is such a beautiful area, and the campus seems lovely. I would have to work real hard to be accepted in this school.

Radford University This College is my first choice by far. The area it's located in is wonderful, the campus is beautiful, and I would know lots of people there, so that my first year wouldn't be such a shock. This is the cheapest college out of the three, but it does not offer AFROTC and I would have to work my butt of to get as much scholarships as I possible could. Plus I would be living only hours away from my parents, which is a bonus.

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Thomas Jefferson: The Man, the Myth, and the Morality

Slavery in America was created since the new world was first discovered. Treating humans as a possession led to terrifying cruelties. Discuss in details the origins and use of slave in America. Thomas Jefferson shows his most Important achievement, the drafting of the Declaration of Independence, where Jefferson writes "We hold these truths to be self evidence: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" ( The Norton Anthology American Literature 715). In my opinion the merely problem with this passage from the Declaration of Independence is that is does not say, "We hold these truths to be self-evidence, that all men including their race, creed, religion or color are created equal that they….." Thomas Jefferson's worlds were deceitful and hypocritical. Not all men were created identical and these men were slaves. Slavery has existed all through the United State at the moment in time and by 1760 there were about 325,800 African slaves in North America. This was the most brutal and cruelest treatment any man could tolerate. Africans were the perfect choice of slave to farm in colonial American, because slavery had already existed in Africa. African natives were all of ages and sexes. Women usually worked in the home, cooking and cleaning, whereas men were sent out into the plantations to farm. Young girls usually helped in the house. Young boys would help in the farm by bailing hay and loading wagons with crops. The following essay shall discuss the background of Thomas Jefferson, his romances with his slaves, and a trial analysis of the evidence of his paternity.

Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 in Shadwell, Virginia. Jefferson as the third president of the United State of America was a man of a supreme ethical character who has been excoriated consistently over the last 30 years by historical revisionists and presenters. His loyalty to America and his immeasurable involvement to the framing of society as it is today are overlooked in support of base analysis of his personality that, while not flawless, is that of a morally straight person who has profoundly apprehended convictions and live by them.

College Essays on Thomas Jefferson: The Man, the Myth, and the Morality

Jefferson was born to a well-known family of Virginia tobacco growers. Agricultural estate life is based fundamentally about the labor of slave, so Jefferson was surrounded by them from the time of his birth until the day he died in July 4th of 1826 at the age of 83. One of the harshest criticisms comes from the fact that, while he strongly opposed slavery, was in reality owner himself. Jefferson though that his slaves would be better off working for him than flowing in a world where they would be treated with disrespect and not given any real liberty, But the case is that life was hard for both the free and non-free slaves. Both were treated badly and disrespectfully. They had to obey a number of harsh rules; for example: they could not gather for a harmful dance. They needed written passes to leave town or even if they wanted to travel more than forty miles from their destination, their punishment was to be cut up into pieces.

Thomas Jefferson had 187 slaves. Historians know that because He kept careful hand-written reports. On January 14, 1774, after he present at birth slaves from first his mother and then his father-in-law, Thomas Jefferson wrote his list of 187 slaves. In his last list, taken 50 years later in 1824, Thomas Jefferson also had 187 slaves.

In the early 1800's Jefferson was accused by the Federalist press for fathering children as a result from the romance between him and his slave Sally Hemings. Jefferson and Sally started their affair when she was 14 years old. In colonial times, girls were married off between the age of 13 and 16 years old; it was not considered an abuse like it is today. Sally died at the age of 52 and he promised her that he would not remarry. He fulfills his promise only because he found a woman to love whom he was no expected, indeed not allowed to marry.

Jefferson did not concern about a public denial, and the allegations did not influence on his vote to a next period in 1804. It does not show to have been a problem for the duration of the rest of his life. The rumor was resurrected in 1873 when one of Sally Hemings' sons, Madison, claimed in a newspaper conference that he and his sister Harriet and two brothers, Beverley and Eston, were Jefferson's children. In 1998, DNA testing on the offspring of Jefferson's uncle, Field Jefferson, identified a different chromosome Y halotype, which was also recognized by DNA tests in the descendants of Eston Hemings. The scientific possibility is that Thomas Jefferson had this halotype too.

The problem presented for investigation is whether the results of the DNA tests and any related historical proof establish that Thomas Jefferson was the father of one or more of the children of Sally Hemings.

Historians are not clear by the legal rules of evidence, of which the most remarkable example in the Jefferson case is the creditability given to newspaper articles and comments in third party letters. The variety of historical treatments of whether Jefferson could be the father of slave children usually manipulates the truth and inferences to accomplish a desired conclusion. The declare of the descendants of Sally Hemings does not rest on how many historians find Jefferson's paternity believable, but whether possible claimants are able to set up that they are lineal descendants of Thomas Jefferson. That is a lawful question and must be tested by legal rules of evidence, irrespective of the passage of time.

After the DNA tests, the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, the corporation which owns Monticello, set up a research working group, chosen from its organization members, which created a report (the "Committee Report") that there was a strong probability that Thomas Jefferson fathered six children by Sally Hemings. Because of the prominence Monticello has achieved, the Committee Report was estimated as a definitive treatment of the existing evidence. Instead, it is a serious example of an attack on historical truth. Not only is the evidence manipulated, unconfirmed postulates are created to fill up the evidentiary gaps toward an apparently preferred conclusion.

This investigation will evaluate the information known about the romance of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings on the foundation of legal principles of verification and decide what evidence would be tolerable in a legal arranged to test paternity. It is not the reason of this analysis to prove who was the father (or fathers) of Sally Hemings' children, but to see whether the evidence will prove the paternity of Thomas Jefferson.

There have been a numeral of writers who have examined the personality and behavior of Jefferson and concluded that he could not have maintained a relationship with one of his slaves, secret even from the closest members of his family. His granddaughter called it a "moral impossibility." Whether the "inner Jefferson" could have sustained such a relationship is not an aspect in this analysis; only his authentic conduct is material to the issue. The historical treatment of recent writers, including the Committee Report, pay no attention to the lack of any evidence of Jefferson's physical access to Hemings and, with the use of circumstantial evidence and supposition, conclude that Jefferson must have fathered some or all children.

Perhaps the lure of historical writing is to answer the mystery of what and why of great events, but it is not the job of historians to choose questions which have an effect on legal rights. That is a function of legal analysis and finally of the court system. If the children of Sally Hemings were fathered by Thomas Jefferson under the paternity laws of Virginia, the offspring of these children are allowed to certain rights. If they are not descendants of Thomas Jefferson, they are not allowed to those rights.

I have come to the conclusion that slaves were people just as their slaves owner were people. The enslavement of human clearly produces dissimilar opinions among many Americans, which in turn I think to be the start of the civil war. One must come to the realization that all human should be treated equal no matter what their race, creed, or color are. Although Jefferson's life is still a complete mystery we need to give recognition to one of the greatest president of America who has ever lived.

Works Cited

Franklin, Wayne, et al. The Norton Anthology of America Literature . 5th ed. Vol. 1. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1998.

Mayer, David N., "The Thomas Jefferson- Sally Hemings Myth and the politicization of American History." 9 April. 2001.://www.ashbrook.org/articles/mayer-hemings.html#V

Lee Hotz, Robert, "The DNA evidence is in: Founding father exploited slave for sex." 1 November. 1998. http://www.worldfreeinternet.net/news/nws146.htm

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Nice Girls can get nasty too

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Hi my name is Debra. Im 411 and weigh 105lbs 4C I have brown hair and green eyes. My boyfriend Tom is 58 and 160lbs with dark hair and brown eyes with a 6 cock. Last Friday Tom invited several of his friends over to drink and play cards. They were all in the dining room and I was in the bedroom. I wondered what they could be talking about and I soon found out. I was in the bedroom on the bed reading a book and drinking wine when Tom came in and asked how I was feeling with a smile on his face. I said I was feeling rather tipsy and a little horny. I asked if his friends were still here and he said yes. Thats when Tom told me he had been talking to his friends and they all wanted me and that he had been fantasizing about watching me get fucked by other men. I was shocked but the thought made my pussy really wet. I said really? He said yes and he thought now would be a good time if I wanted to. I really was speechless and I looked at Tom and said well if you want me to I will as I reached over and rubbed his hard cock through his jeans. I told Tom only you in the room with me and only one at a time. He agreed to my terms and said he would be right back.

While Tom was gone I slipped into a purple teddie with a button crotch, I figured it would be perfect. I was so horny I couldnt believe what was about to happen. I was glad I just shaved my pussy earlier in the day. Tom must have been gone maybe five minutes but it seemed alot longer. I was rubbing my pussy through the silky material wondering how they were going to decide who goes first. I was getting really wet and hot when Tom came back in with James. James is a fairly good looking guy about the same height as Tom but a little heavier. Tom immediately stripped off his clothes and started to rub his nice cock and said go ahead Ill be over here as he walked to the other side of the bed and sat down on a chair. I looked at James and told him to come over and stand in front of me. James slowly approached and I grabbed the waistband on his shorts and pulled him to me. I began to rub my hands over his thighs looking at his crotch. I tugged at his shorts and pulled them down exposing his semi erect cock. I grabbed his cock and started to rub him. I noticed that even in a limp state he was wider than Tom. James started to rub my hair. As I cupped his balls in my free hand, I watched him grow until fully erect he was probably 5 1/ inches long but pretty wide. I looked at Tom as I took James cock in my mouth and started to suck him . To my surprise James grabbed my head and began to moan loudly. About 5 seconds later he shot his load down my throat and I swallowed almost every drop. I was kind of dissappointed but thought, heck there were three more to go not counting Tom. James pulled his limp cock from my mouth and pulled up his shorts and walked out without a word. I looked over at Tom who was rubbing his cock really slow and asked if he liked watching me suck off James he said oh yes.

Tom looked at me with a naughty grin and said the best is yet to come baby. I went over to Tom and put his cock in my mouth for a second and looked at him and said anything for you baby and walked back over to the bed as Keith came in. Keith was a taller man about 511 and and around 185.He was well built and I noticed he had already stripped down to his briefs and I could see his cock was already hard. Keith came over to me and as he approached he pulled down his briefs exposing his cock. Keith had a nice cock about 7 and even though not as wide as James it was pretty thick. I had never had a cock that big in me and I wanted it bad. I grabbed it and started to jack him off. But I was not going to let him cum before he fucked me with his nice cock. A minute later I released his cock and layed back on the bed and unbuttoned the snaps on the crotch of my teddie and pulled it up giving him a good look at my nice tight shaved pussy. Keith didnt waist any time. He slowly crawled on top of me and started to rub my smooth slit and stuck in a finger. I told him I want his cock. He positioned himself on me and started to rub his cock head against my slit and I felt the head of his cock press against my tight hole. He slowly pushed his cock in me and I almost came before he was even halfway in. He slowly fucked me with only half and then pushed it all the way in. I moaned loudly as he began to thrust his big cock in and out. I looked down and watched his cock enter my wet pussy again and again. Keith began to ram me with everything he had. I could feel his balls slapping against my ass the pleasure shooting through me like electicity as I came all over his cock. I could tell he was close by the look on his face and all of a sudden he thrust his hips into me and let out a moan and started making stiff pumps in me and I knew he had come. Keith lay there on top of me for a few seconds and then pulled his cock out, kissed me and said you were wonderful and walked out.

I laid there in shock for a few minutes feeling his cum drip out of my pussy when I felt a hand touch my thigh and I looked down and saw Tom standing next to me by the bed. I asked if that turned him on and he said God yes. I reached and grabbed his cock and gave it a squeeze. He said no not yet and walked back to the chair and sat back down.

I began to wonder who would be next when Larry came in. Larry was about the same height as Keith but much thinner he was wearing boxers and I looked at his crotch and could tell he was also already hard. I looked at his eyes, saw him staring at my pussy with an amazed look on his face. I asked are you going to look at it or fuck it? and with that he came over by me and sat on the bed. I said take off your shorts and let me see that cock of yours. I was feeling alot more confident and way more hornier by that time. Larry stood up and pulled down his shorts and I saw that he was even longer than Keith, and all of a sudden I knew how they decided the order in which they were coming. Larry had a long cock but thin. I couldnt help but ask him how big it was as I stared at it while I rubbed my soaking wet pussy. Larry said almost 8 inches and when he said that, I wanted it in me right then. I turned around with my ass facing Tom giving him a good look, being sure to give him a clear view of what was about to happen. I reached back and grabbed Larrys big cock and noticed he was thicker than I originally thought and told him to fuck me . Larry quickly started to press his cock against my wetness and then guided it in. He was huge in my tight pussy. He slowly inched his big cock in me and my body erupted unexpectedly with another orgasm as he began to feed his huge cock into my hungry pussy harder and harder with each thrust and deeper than anyone ever has before. I could feel him stretching my tight pussy as I put my head into a pillow to hide my very loud moans of pleasure. Larry was fucking me hard when I felt my body building up another orgasm. My pussy grabbed his cock as I came again all over his wonderful cock and a minute later he told me he was coming. I looked back to watch his face as he began to make even deeper and harder thrust in me and all of a sudden his hips started to jerk and I knew he was cumming deep in me and after about 10 powerful jerks he collapsed over me and then stood back up and pulled his cock out. Larry bent over and said you were great and hugged me and left the room.

I was thinking to myself at how wonderful Larrys cock was and how good it feels to be fucked so hard. I felt I was in Heaven and wondered about Pauls cock, who was the last one in line. Paul came in. He is very tall maybe 65 and is well built but not real defined but I didnt care. I had only one thing on my mind and that was his cock. Paul had on boxers as well and I told him to take them off. When he pulled down his boxers and freed his limp cock I gasped at the sight of it. Pauls cock was by far bigger than all the others. I had to know how big it was exactly so I looked up at him and asked if he had ever measured it and he said yea its 11 inches. I wondered how all of that was going to fit in my little pussy. I grabbed it and was shocked at the girth of his massive cock. I started to rub his huge cock and felt him growing thicker and wider with every stroke. I put the head in my mouth and was shocked that with just the head in my mouth I was gagging. I looked over at Tom and he was jerking his cock much faster now. I layed back on the bed and told Larry to fuck me. As Larry crawled over me I put one leg over his shoulder and reached down and grabbed his giant cock and put the head against my opening and grabbed his waist and slowly pulled him towards me. Larrys cock was massive. It was hard for him to penetrate my tight pussy and I jumped when he finally inched the head in me. I was scratching his back as I watched his cock slowly inch in halfway and I felt my body pulsating as I exploded with an orgasm from just the sight of his huge cock in my pussy. Larry was stretching me wide and deep and I felt I would never stop cumming as I watched him fill me. He began to slowly work his way in and out deeper with every stroke. Watching his giant cock being swallowed by my shaved pussy drove me crazy. I noticed he was going faster and deeper as I watched until I was taking it all. I arched my back and forced myself into him as I felt his huge balls slapping against my ass. I put my other leg on his other shoulder and grabbed his arms as he rammed my tight pussy. Larry fucked me hard for about 0 minutes and I came about 10 times when he said he was cumming and he thrust his huge cock in me and groaned and I felt him shooting load after load in me. He started making long slow strokes as I felt his cock going limp inside me. Larry pulled his huge cock out of me as I sat there in amazement looking at his cock and then up at him. He grabbed his boxers and said goodnight you two and left.

Tom came over and asked if I was ok? I said yes. I then asked tom to fuck me and positioned himself over me and we made love all night. Toms cock was alot smaller but I came over and over that night and so did he. Tom and I have decided that we may start doing that once a month and next time were going to record the session so we can fuck while we watch. I decided he can have the fellas over anytime for cards.

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Define Brave

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Introduction

Company overview

A decade ago Land Securities were long regarded as a dull and conservative concentrating on retaining capital, rather then actively trying to gain wealth. This has all changed partly due to a reshuffle at the top in the late nineties with the appointment of Ian Henderson as Chief Executive and Peter Birch as Non-executive Chairmen. Gone are the days when Land Securities accumulated assets and waited for inflationary price rises, as in these days of low inflation the company has discovered the need to work hard for its profits.

Share Performance

Price (pence) 747 5 Week High .5

Volume (millions) 1.0 5 Week Low 6.71

5 Year share price

Financial Summary

Six months ending 0th September 00 Land securities total revenue increased 4% to 581.8M. Net income for the period decreased 7% to 11.1M. "Total revenue reflects significant increases in property outsourcing income from the group and from interests in a joint venue. Net income was offset by an increase in operating expenses and gretaer interest payable, and by a 8. M deficit from converted bonds." (Multex Investor 00)

The performance of Land Securities (Land.L) can be seen below plotted against the FTSE 100. It is possible to see that Land Securities has under-performed the FTSE consistently from Q 18 up until Q 00, however since this turning point Land securities has out performed the FTSE 100.

The two graphs below show Land Securities performance against British Land and Canary Wharf Group over the past Five years.

The comparison with British Land (BLND.L) shows that the share price of the two companies is very closely correlated, for example both have troughs in Q4 18 and Q1 000, and both show a peak in Q 00. However the stark contrast between the two companies is not so much the trends, as the actual performance. Land Securities has outperformed British Land constantly throughout the 5 year period.

The comparison to Canary Wharf Group (CWG.L) is quite different. Since its float in 1 it has generally out performed land Securities although it is more volatile, and its share price until Q4 00 was at some points substantially above Land Securities. This has changed in the last quarter as its share price has taken a big hit whereas land Securities has managed to maintain its share price.

Company History

Set up in 144 by Lord Samuel of Wych Cross, Land securities Investment trust as it was known grew rapidly through acquisition and takeover. These included the take-over of Associated London Properties in 151, Ravenseft properties in 155 (who incidentally had contracts to rebuild many of the War destroyed cities of Britain) and City Centre Properties in 168. (The biggest deal of the era purchasing the company for £64.5 Million, which had property holdings worth more then, twice this amount). In 155 it even had a tilt at the Savoy group however this failed although it did leave Land securities with a profit of £100,000 due to the special share issue to counter the bid. In 16 the takeover of City of London Real Property company which owned and managed 104 office buildings made land securities the biggest quoted property company a title which it retains to this day, although it was briefly denied this title by Canary Wharf Group.

Recent Activity and Restructuring

The most significant change for the company came in November 000 with the £40 million acquisition of Trillium from Goldman Sach's its main contract being a £ million agreement to own and manage property for the DSS. At the time property outsourcing was regarding a passing fad by the industry, however Land Securities had the foresight to see past the negative press. One year later trillium landed tow high-profile contracts. One an agreement to own and manage BT's £.8 billion property portfolio a 5050 joint venture with William Pears Group and the second was to manage 4 million sq. ft of properties in London and Scotland for the BBC.

Land Securities Trillium now contributes 5% of the overall companies' ----------- and manages about 7,400 properties with a turnover of £650 million. Negotiations with the BBC and the Department for Work and pensions are under way to expand existing outsourcing and if successful could see Trillium contributing and even grater share of the companies' profits.

Land Securities is now split into three "Manageable units" as described by Henderson, and his aim with a divisional departmental head over each, will be to squeeze even more out of the companies properties.

The three units are development, portfolio management and Land securities trillium. Portfolio management has long been the companies key focus, however Henderson's plan is for the other two units to provide 50% of the companies operating income.

Progress is being made in this direction as Land Securities development is embarking on its largest development programme since the company began, with about .8 million sq ft currently under construction, and 6 million sq ft in the pipeline. The development division also has the largest speculative development project in the city (March 00) and is just starting on another speculative development near Victoria.

The investment branch of Land securities which is within the portfolio division has been streamlining its activity with a reduction in the number of properties in its £7.74 billion portfolio from 700 to about 60. The rationale for this investment decision is to remove the smaller non-performing buildings and concentrate on the larger properties.

Land Securities was criticised in a report by Alex Catalano (000) in which he cited a quote of a fund manager that "The problem for Land securities is that the properties in its portfolio have gone dead". He explained how it had held onto too many of the smaller properties for too long and that 45% of its property portfolio were worth under £10m. It seems that that appointment of Francis Salway from Standard Life to the post of head of portfolio management has paid off, as more recent reports of the companies' portfolio have not been as critical as in the past. Salway's efforts did not go unnoticed with his recent appointment to Chief Operating Director.

Land Securities has for many years received criticism and was branded the Marks & Spencer of the property world, being big diversified and generally well run yet too conservative. Like M&S Land Securities struggled to adjust to the changing economic climate and challenges from new and more specialised players like Canary Wharf and Capital shopping centres. It was often perceived as just a rent collector.

The Boardroom

Traditionally Land securities prided itself on growing their own people. However a recent restructuring and the drafting of new blood has allowed the company to shake off the shackles of the past and re-invent itself.

One of the most influential persons in giving Land securities a new direction and strategy was Peter Walicknowski who joined the company in May 000 as director of strategy and business development and was given a seat on the main board. Described by one city analyst as a driven, entrepreneurial deal-maker he was poached from Lend Lease an Australian company where he had successfully fulfilled his role of bringing Lend Lease to Europe and developing the Bluewater shopping centre. Although he was only with the company 1 months resigning in December 001, he had a major impact on the corporate strategy and breathed a new vitality into a company perceived by many to be dull. A did away with the civil service style culture that once dominated working practice.

Ian Henderson was appointed to the board in December 17 after the sudden and death of the Peter Hunt. Henderson now 5 bears some characteristics of traditional land securities, however he has broken the mould in that very flexible and open to new ideas. The initial stages of the change at Land Securities before the arrival of Peter Walicknowski are attributed to Henderson, who is described by colleagues as "a modest straightforward bloke".

The Non Executive Chairmen Peter Birch was appointed in 18, and brings with him expertise gained from his former role as chief executive of Abbey National, where he was involved with the status change to Bank from Building Society. He sits of the board of a number of companies' including Sainsbury's Bank, Travelex, NM Rothschild, Trinity Mirror and is also Non executive chairmen of Kensington Group.

Francis Salway is Chief operating officer and is the suspected to succeed Henderson as Chief Executive within the next two years. Previously an investment director at Standard life he brings investment expertise, which is crucial for Land securities if they are to once again thrive.

Mark Collins the more recent member of the board to be appointed is chief executive of the company's portfolio management division and joined in May 00 from GE Capitals real estate division.

Ian Ellis another recent appointee to the board joined in February 00 and was appointed chief executive of Land securities Trillium.

Andrew MacFarlane a former director of Ernst & Young joined the board as Finance director in October 001. His previous position was as chief financial officer of Six Continents hotels and resorts division.

The non executive directors are fronted by Sir Win Bischoff. His other roles include chairmen of Citigroup Europe, deputy Chairman of Cable & Wireless and director of McGraw-Hill companies.

Other non-executive directors include David Rough also a director of Legal and General Select Investment trust, BBA, Emap and Xstrata; Peter Freeman, Chairman of Argent, and non executive director of Freeman publishing

Directors dealing Previous 1 months

Mark Simms

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Classical vs romantic style

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Music Essay

"The Classical period was a time of simplicity and perfection in the arts. The Romantic period represented a radical departure from this style where composers sought complexity and angst in their works."

When comparing the Classical period (1750-180) to the Romantic period (180-100) instant differences can be seen through the examination of each concept area of music.

The Classical period was a time when reason and logic were considered the best guide for human conduct. In the middle of the eighteenth century, philosophers and writers believed in the power of reason over the control of the social and religious establishments. The composers in the middle of the eighteenth century began to disregard the enriched late baroque style and focused on the simplicity and clarity of their work. "The classical composers were able to impart unity and logic to music over a wide emotional range."

The Romantic period was a cultural movement that encompassed emotion, imagination and individualism. It was a time of rebellion with the French Revolution taking place in the beginning of the nineteenth century. Romanticism focused on individual revolution, with romantic composers expressing their own opinions through their works. The romantics were obsessed with the realm of fantasy and the unnatural and drew inspiration from nature and their surroundings.

This artistic expression and need for freedom shows how the romantics rebelled against the classical theories and the ‘age of reason' and to branch out and allow emotions and individuality to control their works. They achieved this through experimenting with the conceptual background of music and thus broke away from the boundaries of the classical concepts.

These differences in the concepts of music can be clearly seen through the comparison of Haydn's "The Surprise" Symphony in G major, nd movement and Belioz's Symphonie Fantastique, 4th movement, as both pieces are a clear representation of the conceptual backgrounds of their era.

A major comparison can be made between the classical and romantic period, in the two pieces, through the examination of structure.

Although both pieces are symphonies, Haydn uses the form of theme and variations in his nd movement. The basic musical idea is repeated over and over again throughout the movement and changed each variation. The theme may be changed in terms of melody, rhythm, harmony, dynamics or tone colour in order to give each variation its own identity in the piece. Theme and variations sticks to a strict structure, all of the variations were strictly unified by the theme. This form was widely used in the classical period as it focused on precision and order.

Berlioz's piece, in contrast in Haydn's, was a program symphony. Program compositions were instrumental works associated with a story, poem, idea or scene. The music was important to create mood, emotion and atmosphere in the text. This style of composition came about in the romantic period, as romantic music was closely related to literature. Each movement of program music sounded like it was a separate piece, with the ide fixe (fixed idea), used to represent his beloved, the only unifying feature in the 5 contrasting movements.

The music of the Classical period differed significantly from the Romantic period in terms of pitch.

Composers in the classical period began to take middle class tastes into account, as due to the wider availability of music, the middle class has gained an appreciation of music and some had even begun to play their own instruments.

Thus the composers of the period wrote pieces that were easy to sing, play and understand.

This can be seen in Haydn's Symphony when the violin melody is first introduced.

The simple folk-like melody, moving in thirds, is playing in the key of C major. The melody is tuneful and easy to remember, as it is balanced and symmetrical because it is made up of phrases of the same length- a common characteristic of the classical period.

The Romantic Composers, in contrast to the simplicity of the melodies in classical music, sort brilliance in the depth of sound and expanded the range of pitch in the orchestra to reach extremely high to low sounds.

This is demonstrated through Berlioz's 4th movement when the melody is first introduced.

The melody and first theme, played by the cellos and basses, moves steadily downward for octaves, testing the range of the lower tessitura instruments.

Another comparison in terms of pitch can be made of the classical and romantic styles in music through the use of harmony.

In the classical period harmony was generally very simplistic- consisting of a use of the primary triads with some secondary chords used to create variety. This can be seen through bars 5-7 in Haydn's nd movement.

In comparison to this, romantic music explored new chords and novel ways of using familiar chords. Complex harmonies, such as chromatic harmony, were more emphasised in order to enhance the unpredictability and diabolical atmosphere they wished to create.

Through the examination of Tone Colour and Performing Media we can see further differences between the classical and romantic period music.

Haydn's orchestra consisted of flutes, oboes, bassoons, French Horns, trumpets, timpani, 1st violin, nd violin, viola, cello and double basses. Each section of the classical orchestra had a special role. The strings were the most important section, with the first violins taking the melody predominately and the lower strings providing accompaniment.

The woodwinds added contrasting tone colours through countermelodies to the string section. The horns and the trumpets brought power to passages and filled out the harmony only, as they were still to develop valves, and the timpani was used for rhythmic emphasis.

The romantic composers used tone colour to obtain variety of mood and atmosphere. The romantic orchestra was larger and more varied in tone colour than the classical orchestra. The brass, woodwind and percussion sections of the orchestra took on a more active role. Improvements in the construction of instruments allowed woodwind players to perform with more flexibly and accuracy, while the addition of values had it made it easier for horns and trumpets to cope with intricate melodies.

This can be seen in Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique

Bars 6, 6, 64

The music of the classical period differed significantly from the romantic period in terms of duration.

The classical period, although flexibility of rhythms had greatly advanced since the Baroque period, was nowhere near as rhythmically varied as the Romantic music. There were frequent changes in rhythm from long to short notes, but the pulse was always clear and even, as was the time signature.

This can been in Haydn's nd movement, as the tempo (andante) and meter (/4), once introduced remain constant throughout the entirety of the piece.

This consistency allows for a steady pulse, which is punctuated by accents on the first beat of the bar along with a chord. This simplicity in duration was a significant classical characteristic.

The Romantic composers placed great emphasis on self-expression and individuality of style in their music. There was not always a clearly defined beat and the pieces sometimes contained long and unbalanced phrases. The composer's emotional intensity was demonstrated through their rhythmic variation, with complex rhythms and syncopation frequently used.

This can been seen in Berlioz's piece in bar 158-15.

Further comparison of the classical and romantic period in music can be made through the assessment of texture.

Classical music was basically homophonic in texture, however some pieces moved smoothly or suddenly from homophonic texture to a polyphonic texture. The texture of the piece depended on the mood the composer wished to take. Quite simply, when a composer wanted to create a thinner sound, they would use a smaller amount of instruments in that particular section of the music.

In comparison to this Berlioz's 4th movement is extremely dense in texture with layers of top, middle and bass tessituras being exploited to create the desired atmosphere.

Another comparison can be made of the classical and romantic period in music through the examination of dynamics and expressive techniques.

During the classical period composers began to use crescendos and decrescendos in order to express varying shades of emotion through gradual dynamic change.

This is demonstrated in bar 70-7 in Haydn's piece.

These crescendos and decrescendos only ranged from the dynamic markings of ff, f, p, pp, and were generally emphasised not only through the markings but through the instrumentation as well (as discussed in texture.)

The romantic composers called for a wide range of dynamics in order to express their emotional levels and to demonstrate their influences of nature, love longing and the unexplainable through music. Sometimes the composers went to the extremes of the musical scale with some volumes reaching pppp while others reached a tremendous ffff.

This longing for the extremes in sharp contrasts in sound is clearly demonstrated in bars 158, 15, 160

Mood changes in romantic music were sometimes underlined through a subtle variation in the pace of the music. There were many more fluctuations in time than there were in classical music, with romantic composers using accelerandos and ritardandos to great effect.

Romantic composers, unlike classical composers, also looked for contrast between expressive techniques on an instrument to create a build up of tension.

For example bars 10 and 110, and again in 111 and11, the string parts play a sharp pizzicato note by plucking the string, then in the following bar counter this technique with an arco note, a note with the bow. These contrasting techniques help to maintain the feel of unpredictability that Belioz desired from his work.

In conclusion, the classical period indeed a time of simplicity and perfection in the arts as the composer sought to provide their audiences and musicians of the period with simple folklike tunes and logical pieces that reflected the common social views of the time, while the self-expression of the Romantic period where logic was abandoned over emotion. Through the examination of my two selected works, Haydn's "Surprise" Symphony, nd movement, and Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique, 4th movement, I have concluded that the historical events and social beliefs of the time resulted in a change of the conceptual bounds of music and they way in which they were shaped and formed in each period.

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The Harsh Reality of Life

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In rural Salinas, California where John Steinback's Of Mice and Men takes place, the ranch that is set among beautiful golden hills and bright blue skies is much more complex than it seems. The small ranch is surprisingly very reflective of human nature and life in general. This is apparent through four main themes that occur throughout the story; broken dreams, friendship, loneliness, and inequality. These re-occurring themes shape not only the characters' personalities, but also the story itself, and they show that the rural little ranch is truly reminiscent of the world around it.

One of the most prominent themes in the novel is that of broken dreams. Many characters throughout the story have their own idea of their American Dream. However, as a result of the harsh conditions of the world and mankind in general, no characters ever achieve their goal. For example, George and Lennie have the ongoing dream of one day owning a ranch together. In times of distress, George and Lennie find comfort in discussing their future plans. Their entire goal in coming to the ranch from Weed was to work hard enough to earn enough money for their ranch. They labor away endlessly on the ranch for their idea of the American Dream, but in the end, none of it matters when George is almost forced to kill Lennie, and the dream is no longer useful to him. Another example of broken dreams comes from Curley's wife. At the beginning of the climactic scene in the barn when Lennie and Curley's wife are conversing, she confides to Lennie of her dreams to become a movie star and move to Hollywood. She tells him of the day she met a man in the movie business who told her she was a natural, and how he promised to send her a letter of how she can become a movie star. Alas, she never received the letter, and she never got to live out her dream. Instead, she resorted to marry Curley, a man to whom she never truly did love. "I tell you I ain't used to livin' like this. I coulda made somethin' of myself" (88). These two examples of broken dreams in the novel prove to show how reaching the American Dream is almost an impossible task. While the idea seems pessimistic, it is sadly realistic. In the scene when Lennie, Candy, and Crooks are talking, Crooks addresses this issue as he is attempting to belittle Lennie's unrealistic idea of the American Dream, "I seen hundreds of men come by on the road an on the ranches, with their bindles on their back an that same damn thing in their heads … every damn one of ems got a little piece of land in his head. An never a God damn one of em ever gets it. Just like heaven. Everbody wants a little piece of lan. I read plenty of books out here. Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land" (74). As is apparent throughout the entire novel, the American Dream is, after all, only a dream.

Another ongoing theme in the novel is friendship. From the beginning of the story, the strong bond between George and Lennie is obvious. In fact, the ending scene when George shoots Lennie has such a touching, and emotional impact because the strength of their friendship is deeply apparent to the reader. Throughout the novel, George and Lennie compliment each other nicely, and they seem to always be there for each other. Their strong bond is apparent in their quest for their dream of owning a ranch together. The two men band together like brothers to achieve their dream. "We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us. We don't have to sit in no bar room blowin' in our jack jus' because we got no place else to go… Because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you" (14). George and Lennie share this common dream together throughout the story until the very end, they protect each other continuously, and they encompass the ideal friendship. However, living in such a harsh world where only the strong survive, and the weak are picked upon, George and Lennie's friendship suffer a tragic fate. At the end, when Lennie is being hunted down for killing Curley's wife, George knows that Lennie will be terribly lynched by the men. With this thought in mind, George realizes that the best way for Lennie to go, though it may seem the most unlikely, is for George to kill him himself. George realized that if he let the other men kill him; it would be far more brutal than what Lennie deserved. Ironically, this event was foreshadowed earlier on in the novel, when Candy's old, grubby dog was killed. After it was said and done, Candy confided to George that he would have much rather killed the mutt himself. "I ought to of shot that dog myself, George. I shouldn't ought to of let no stranger shoot my dog" (61). While it may seem unjust for George to shoot his best friend in the end, it was evident to him that it was the only way to achieve any sense of resolution to the strong friendship that they shared.

In stark contrast to the strong friendship of George and Lennie, many characters feel a sense of loneliness. George recognizes this loneliness as a part of life in the beginning of the novel, "Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They don't belong no place" (1). For example, Crooks, the black ranch-hand, has been isolated all his life as a result of his skin color. Crooks isn't allowed to be in the "white people quarters," and he spends all of his days by himself reading. When Lennie comes to visit Crooks, it is apparent that he is glad to finally have somebody to talk to, even though he tries to hide it. During the conversation, Candy appears in the doorway, obviously anxious to join the conversation. It is apparent of that Candy is lonely also, because him and Crooks never talk. The fact that he comes to confide in complete strangers shows how desperate he is for somebody to talk to and to not be lonely anymore. Candy is able to dream his way out of his loneliness, however, when he joins George and Lennie in their dream for owning a ranch. Like George and Lennie, Candy finds comfort in having something to look forward to. "I planted crops for damn near ever'body in this state, but they wasn't my crops, and when I harvested ‘em, it wasn't none of my harvest. But we gonna do it now, and don't make no mistake about that. Me an' Lennie an' George" (76). In addition to Crooks and Candy, Curley's wife is also very lonesome. There is never really an insight into her character until the scene with Crooks, Lennie, and Candy. Her loneliness is never sensed until she too confides in complete strangers. After she gets shooed away, he gets irritated and starts complaining about her miserable life, marriage, and loneliness. This pivotal scene in the novel shows not only the extreme loneliness of these three characters, but also their extreme disparity for simply somebody to talk to.

Another prominent theme throughout the story is inequality. Inequality affects the characters, and the outcome of the novel. It shows that not only to the strong pick on the weak, but the weak pick on the weaker; and that the strength of people is built off of their own weakness. It mirrors the harsh, imbalanced ways of human nature. First of all, minorities are not regarded highly in the story. Crooks is isolated by himself on the ranch because he is black. He is considered nothing but the "nigger" to all the other men in the story, and he is ridiculed for nothing but his skin color. However, while Crooks seems to be the most weak, he jumps at the oppritunity to make himself feel larger by making Lennie feel weaker. When Lennie comes to visit Crooks, he ridicules his dream of owning a ranch, all to make him feel more equal than he is. "Crooks' face lighted with pleasure in his torture of Lennie" (71). Not only does Crooks do this, but so does Curley's wife. It is obvious in the story that women are thought of nothing but animals to men. The simple fact that Curley's wife doesn't even have a name is reflective of this. The men consider her a "tart" and a "tramp," and they think that she causes nothing but trouble. Even her mere presence is "trouble" When she enters the barn that Crooks, Candy, and Lennie are in, Crooks says, "Maybe you better go along to your own house now We don't want no trouble" (77). All throughout the novel she is oppressed for being a minority, but she, like Crooks, also jumps at the oppritunity to make herself feel more equal by picking on those that are more weak than her. For example, she threatens to have Crooks lynched by her husband, "Listen, Nigger, you know what I can do to you if you open your trap?" (80). Immediately, Crooks didn't say a word, and Curley's wife felt stronger than she knew she was. But not only are people considered unequal for being a minority, but also because of their character, if it seems to be weak. This is apparent with Lennie. Lennie is a big guy, yet he isn't very smart. As a result, people dwell on his weakness and belittle him for it. Curley especially does this. He takes advantage of the fact that Lennie isn't smart, and attempts to pick on him for it. Again, small weaknesses are dwelled on, and add to the inequality on the ranch. This theme of inequality, and the strong picking on the weak, as well as the weak picking on the weaker, exists throughout the novel.

In conclusion, it is apparent that the small ranch in Salinas is very similar to mankind and life. The themes of broken dreams, friendship, loneliness, and inequality have proven this. These themes show that dreams are hard to achieve, good friendship is difficult to come by, and people yearn for equality. However pessimistic it may seem, they capture the characters and not only their worst, but also their best; and they further show the harsh reality of life.

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