Thursday, July 30, 2020

Love and divine intervention-comparasion-odyssey and aeneid

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Love and Divne intervention


When two people are confident and comfortable with each other, this could be the sign of love. Love is not control or obsession over another person, but the fulfillment and joy that each person gives to one another. Each person sees this affection as his or her obligation. Love for a person can also be shown when they must sever connections from each other because of an obligation to others. When this connection is gone, there is either a will to let go or a desperate attempt to hold on to that love. In Homer's Odyssey and in Virgil's Aeneid, love and the willingness to let go can cause different reactions with different women.


Circe, in Homer's Odyssey, finds when the love is gone; she is willing to let it go. Circe is an immortal, enchanting sorceress who inhabits the island of Aenea. Odysseus and his men land on her island. Circe turns some of the men into swine by drugging them "to wipe from their memories any thought of home"(Od 10.60). She tries to do the same to Odysseus, but with the help of Hermes, does not to succumb to her magic potion, makes her take a oath to release his men and promises to take her to bed only if she "…never plot some new intrigue to harm me!" (Od 10.8). Odysseus gains Circe's respect, admiration, and love. Circe tells him "Never has any man withstood my potion…" (Od 10.6). "Come, sheath your sword, let us go to bed together/ mount my bed, and mix the magic of love / we'll breed deep in trust between us" (Od 10.70-7). Circe may not be truly in love with Odysseus, but she desires him. Even though Odysseus and his men enjoy Circe's hospitality, after a year, the men grow anxious to leave. Odysseus, also, desires leave to find his way home to Ithaca and his wife. His homesickness is more powerful than the temptation of Circe. Even though Circe wants him to stay, she states " Royal son of Laertes, Odysseus, old campaigner, stay on no more in my house against your will"(Od 10.57-58). She even tells Odysseus to seek the blind prophet Teiresias' help. "He will tell you the way to go, the stages of your voyage, / how you can cross the swarming sea and reach home at last"(Od 10.54-55). She willingly gives him this information because she knows she cannot stop him and wants him to have a safe journey. Circe shows she is an independent and empowered lover. She uses her ability to seduce, enchant, and charm Odysseus to love her. Circe realizes that she had met a man who has matched her abilities and saw Odysseus as her equal. She gave Odysseus' men their freedom and treated them warmly in hope that Odysseus would stay to form a team of magic and cunningness. She finds she cannot hold him with these jesters and is willing to let him go because to do otherwise would be pointless.


Dido, in Virgil's Aeneid, unlike Circe shows the opposite reaction to love and the willingness to let go. Dido, at first, is a strong, proud, clear-headed women who is queen of Carthage. This is until she falls passionately in love with Aeneas who finds his way to her land. With the aid of Venus, Aeneas' mother and Cupid, his brother, scheme to make Dido and Aeneas fall in love. "Unlucky Dido, burning in her madness / Roamed through all the city, like a doe / Hit by an arrow shoot far away…" (Aen 4.5-7). She loses all understanding of reality, forgets hear oath to her dead husband to never marry again. Dido has had no need for love since the death of her husband, Sychaeus, until she met Aeneas. Dido has found the qualities in him that are equal to hers which will make a perfect love match. Dido tells her sister, Anna "At the mere thought of torch and bridal bed/ I would perhaps give way in this case/ this man alone has wrought upon me so / and moved my soul to yield" (Aen 4.5-1). Anna tells her to go follow these feelings. She also tells Dido; "Sister, What a great city you'll see rising here, / And what a kingdom, from this royal match!" (Aen 4.66-68). This passionate love slowly eats away at her and strips away her integrity and authority as queen. Dido goes as far as to consummate her love for Aeneas in a cave during a hunt into a union of so-called marriage. "She thought no longer a secret love…/But called it marriage"(Aen 46-7). She feels this so-called marriage will make Aeneas more willing to stay with her and forget about finding Italy. The problem with this so- marriage is that Dido's love for Aeneas is more than his love for her. Aeneas' respect for the gods and love of his people is stronger than his love for her. Mercury is sent by Jupiter to remind Aeneas of his destiny. Aeneas decides he must leave and continue his journey to find Rome, but cannot find the way to tell Dido. Dido discovers that Aeneas chooses to exchange love for the finding of Rome. Dido does not understand the necessity for Aeneas to leave. She desperately pleads with Aeneas, "Can our love not hold you / can the pledge we gave not hold you"(Aen 4.40). Dido is a ruined lover filled with rage, despair, guilt, humility, and shame. " Because of you, I lost my integrity / And that admired name by which alone I made my way once toward the stars. / To whom / Do you abandon me, a dying woman" (Aen 4.440-444). Aeneas tells Dido that it is the gods will that he leave her. " As for myself, be sure / I never shall deny all you can say, / Your majesty, of what you meant to me. / Never will the memory of Elissa / stale for me, while I can remember / My own life, and the spirit rules my body" (Aen 4.45-464). She commits suicide because she feels abandoned and worthless. She has lost all self-respect and no one can live without self-respect. Dido's love was nothing but a dependence, need, and unwillingness to let go.


Both of these women, though abandoned by the men they love show a different reaction to love and their willingness to let them go. Both women keep the men they love with them for one year. Both women allow strangers to stay with them by showing their hospitality. Circe shows her reaction to love for Odysseus by helping him return to Ithaca while Dido's reaction to love makes her lose sight of what she cannot control. Circe is a very complex and controlling woman but one who knows when to let go in a hopeless loving situation. Dido is a very generous, kind, and powerful woman who is destined to lead her city and people to greatness until Aeneas comes into her life. Then she is reduced to an obsessed, emotional, uncontrollable lover - an angry and bitter woman. She has given herself completely to Aeneas, but could not keep her lover from leaving. This shows how two powerful women differ in the reaction of love and letting go. Love is not a reaction of someone's obsession. It is not a sexual desire or need for someone. When the will to love is gone, a person has the will to let go. This is done without thinking of taking desperate means as the suicide of Dido. It is done without guilt or revenge, but to allow her lover to leave willingly as Circe does.


Homer. Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. Penguin Books, 16.


Virgil. Aeneid. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. Vintage Classics, June, 10


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